아스타잔틴 (눈 피로)

Astaxanthin (AstaReal(®)) Improved Acute and Chronic Digital Eye Strain in Children: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial.

1. Adv Ther. 2025 Apr;42(4):1811-1833. doi: 10.1007/s12325-025-03125-7. Epub 2025 Feb 27. Astaxanthin (AstaReal(®)) Improved Acute and Chronic Digital Eye Strain in Children: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. Hecht KA(#)(1), Marwah M(#)(2), Wood V(3), Nishida Y(4), Bach AE(5),

Nutritional Supplementation for Myopia Prevention and Control: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

2. Nutrients. 2025 Dec 19;18(1):4. doi: 10.3390/nu18010004. Nutritional Supplementation for Myopia Prevention and Control: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Martinez-Perez C(1), Oliveira AP(2)(3). Author information: (1)Applied Physics Department (Optometry Area), Facultade de

The Effects of Seaweed and Microalgae Supplementation on Exercise Performance and Recovery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

1. Nutrients. 2026 Apr 19;18(8):1289. doi: 10.3390/nu18081289. The Effects of Seaweed and Microalgae Supplementation on Exercise Performance and Recovery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Wei Y(1), Liu S(2), You T(3), Liu X(4), Zhong W(2), Wu Y(2), Azhati S(1), Han Q(2), Jiang W(5), Liu C(2). Author information: (1)School of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China. (2)School of Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China. (3)School of Leisure Sports and Tourism, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China. (4)School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China. (5)China Volleyball Academy, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China. Objective: Seaweed and microalgae provide antioxidants, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and bioactive compounds that may enhance exercise performance and accelerate recovery. However, evidence remains inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of algae-derived supplementation on exercise performance and physiological recovery outcomes in healthy and athletic adults. Methods: This review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251166723) and conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, and CNKI were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating algae supplementation in exercise contexts. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined based on the PICOS framework. Primary outcomes included VO2max, Time to exhaustion (TTE), maximal power output (WRmax), Time-Trial (TT) performance, and creatine kinase (CK). Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Subgroup, sensitivity, and publication bias analyses were performed. Results: Twenty-two RCTs (n = 822) investigating Spirulina, Chlorella, brown-algal polysaccharides, or astaxanthin met inclusion criteria. Algae supplementation showed a suggestive improvement in VO2max (SMD = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.00-1.75) and significantly improved in TTE (SMD = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.16-1.96), with smaller effects on WRmax (SMD = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.03-0.55), and no significant benefit for TT performance (SMD = -0.27, 95% CI: -0.74 to 0.21). Regarding recovery, CK concentrations were significantly reduced (SMD = -0.78, 95% CI: -1.28 to -0.28). Subgroup analysis suggested greater effects for Chlorella supplementation, higher dosages, and aerobic training contexts; reductions in muscle-damage markers were more evident following resistance exercise. Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of the main findings with minimal evidence of publication bias. Conclusions: Algae-derived supplements-particularly Spirulina and Chlorella-may modestly enhance aerobic exercise performance and attenuate exercise-induced muscle damage under certain conditions. Effects appear to depend on algae species, dosing strategies, intervention duration, and training modality. High-quality, multi-center RCTs incorporating mechanistic endpoints are needed to clarify optimal application and to develop athlete-specific recommendations. DOI: 10.3390/nu18081289 PMID: 42075102 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Exploratory pilot trial of astaxanthin supplementation in PCOS patients at risk of OHSS with focus on RAGE-NFκB pathway.

2. Sci Rep. 2026 Feb 11;16(1):8416. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-36449-7. Exploratory pilot trial of astaxanthin supplementation in PCOS patients at risk of OHSS with focus on RAGE-NFκB pathway. Maleki-Hajiagha A(1)(2), Aleyasin A(3)(4), Amidi F(5)(6). Author information: (1)Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. (2)Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pour Sina St, Tehran, 1416753955, Iran. (3)Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. (4)Department of Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. (5)Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pour Sina St, Tehran, 1416753955, Iran. famidi@tums.ac.ir. (6)Department of Infertility, Yas Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. famidi@tums.ac.ir. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a major risk factor for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS). Oxidative stress and inflammation, mediated by the advanced glycation end products (AGE)-receptor for AGE (RAGE)-nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) pathway, contribute to OHSS development and impaired oocyte quality. Astaxanthin (AST), a potent antioxidant, may modulate this pathway. In this exploratory pilot trial using a triple‑blind, randomized, placebo‑controlled design, 44 PCOS patients at high risk for OHSS were assigned to receive AST (n = 22) or placebo (n = 22) adjunct to the COS regimen. COS was performed using a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol with individualized gonadotropin dosing. Stimulation characteristics, gonadotropin dose, and follicle distribution were comparable between groups. The mean number of retrieved oocytes was slightly higher with AST, and the oocyte maturity rate (OMR) was significantly greater. Estradiol and progesterone levels on trigger day were lower in the AST group, though not statistically significant. Molecular analyses showed reduced RAGE expression, a lower phosphorylated inhibitor of kappa-B (pIκB)/inhibitor of kappa-B (IκB) ratio in granulosa cells (GCs), and significantly decreased interleukin-6 (IL-6) in follicular fluid (FF), with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) showing a downward trend. These findings suggest that AST supplementation may improve COS outcomes and favorably modulate inflammatory pathways, with potential to reduce OHSS risk in high-risk PCOS patients. However, this pilot trial was not powered enough to confirm the primary OHSS endpoint, and larger studies are required for validation.Trial registration: Registration ID: IRCT20231028059882N2; Registration date: 2024-06-15; Update date: 2025-03-16; Direct Access Link: https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/77250 . © 2026. The Author(s). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-36449-7 PMCID: PMC12972036 PMID: 41673418 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Effects of carotenoid supplementation on liver enzymes in adults: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

3. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2025 Dec 23;26(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s12906-025-05201-5. Effects of carotenoid supplementation on liver enzymes in adults: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Heydari SS(1)(2), Bideshki MV(3)(4), Akbarzadeh M(5), Behzadi E(6), Behzadi M(7)(8). Author information: (1)Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. (2)Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. (3)Bio Environmental Health Hazards Research Center, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran. (4)Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran. (5)Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. (6)Department of Food Science and Technology, Sarvestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sarvestan, Iran. (7)Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Mehrdad.behzadi.39@gmail.com. (8)Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Mehrdad.behzadi.39@gmail.com. BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Carotenoids are known for their beneficial effects in improving chronic diseases through their antioxidant properties. However, there has been no meta-analysis on the effects of carotenoids on liver enzymes and the evidence is inconsistent. So, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of carotenoid supplementation on liver enzyme levels in adults. METHODS: Through November 2024, the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science electronic databases were searched for eligible trials evaluating the carotenoid supplementation effects on the Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). The 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and weighted mean differences (WMDs) were calculated using the random effects model. As part of standard methods, dose-response, meta-regressions, sensitivity, and publication bias analyses were performed. Evidence certainty was assessed using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations for Assessment, Development, and Evaluation). RESULTS: Of the 15 studies (20 arms; n = 757), 7 included healthy participants, while 8 involved non-healthy individuals, including 4 studies on prediabetes or diabetes. Pooled estimates indicated non-significant effects of carotenoid supplementation on all enzymes including ALT (WMD: -2.25 IU/L, 95%CI: -4.84,0.34, P = 0.089), AST (WMD: -0.46 IU/L, 95%CI: -1.25,0.34, P = 0.259), ALP (WMD: -0.34 IU/L, 95%CI: -6.89,6.21, P = 0.918) and GGT (WMD: -0.43 IU/L, 95%CI: -3.06,2.21, P = 0.751) levels non-significantly. Significant reductions in ALT levels occurred in < 12 weeks (P = 0.028), BMI ≥ 25 (P = 0.045), and among non-healthy participants (P = 0.015). AST levels were significantly reduced in non-healthy participants (P = 0.003) with ages > 50 (P = 0.003) as well as GGT levels (P = 0.011) in non-healthy participants. CONCLUSION: Carotenoid supplementation might be beneficial in reducing liver enzymes, especially in non-healthy participants and in those with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. However, more trials with standard methods are required. PROSPERO REGISTERATION CODE: CRD42024612956. © 2025. The Author(s). DOI: 10.1186/s12906-025-05201-5 PMCID: PMC12836767 PMID: 41437050 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: All of the included studies provided a statement on ethics approval and consent with a registration number.Considering that in this study we did not conduct experiments directly on humans and only extracted the information available in other studies, therefore having a code of ethics was not necessary for this study. Also, according to the type of study, we registered our protocol in Prospero with this code (no. CRD42024612956), which is accessible. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors have no relevant interests to declare.

Impact of astaxanthin on oxidative markers, uric acid, and clinical symptoms in heart failure: a randomized clinical trial.

4. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2025 Oct 29;25(1):779. doi: 10.1186/s12872-025-05260-z. Impact of astaxanthin on oxidative markers, uric acid, and clinical symptoms in heart failure: a randomized clinical trial. Mohammadi SG(1), Shafie D(2), Feizi A(3), Bagherniya M(4), Ahmadi AR(5), Kafeshani M(6). Author information: (1)Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. (2)Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. (3)Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Health School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. (4)Department of Community Nutrition, Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. (5)Department of Biomedical Sciences, Women Research Center, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran. (6)Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran. kafeshani_nut@yahoo.com. BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Chronic heart failure (HF) is often linked to increased oxidative stress and metabolic issues like high uric acid, which can worsen outcomes. Astaxanthin (ASX), a strong antioxidant, may help reduce these harmful effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ASX supplementation on oxidative stress markers as the primary outcome and clinical symptoms in patients with HF. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 80 patients with HF were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either ASX (20 mg/day) or a placebo (20 mg/day of maltodextrin) for 8 weeks. Biomarkers including total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), serum UA, and clinical symptoms (dyspnea, fatigue, appetite) were assessed pre-and post-intervention. RESULTS: After eight weeks, compared to the placebo group, participants receiving ASX supplementation showed a significant increase in TAC (0.12 vs. -0.04 mmol/L, P = 0.002) and SOD levels (156.92 vs. 36.14 U/mL, P < 0.001). In contrast, the ASX group demonstrated significantly greater reductions in MDA (-2.19 vs. -0.68 nmol/L, P < 0.001) and serum UA levels (-1.82 vs. -0.63 mg/dl, P = 0.003) compared to placebo. Furthermore, among ASX treated patients, improvements in dyspnea and fatigue were statistically significant (P < 0.001), while the increase in appetite was only marginally significant (P = 0.071). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that ASX supplementation may be effective in improving oxidative stress biomarkers and clinical status in patients with HF. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20200429047235N3. Registered on 26 March 2024, prior to the enrollment of the first participant. http://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/75913 . © 2025. The Author(s). DOI: 10.1186/s12872-025-05260-z PMCID: PMC12574148 PMID: 41162864 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (approval code: IR.MUI.MED.REC.1402.099, approved on 19 March 2024) and trial registration (IRCT20200429047235N3, registered on 26 March 2024) were both completed before the enrollment of the first participant. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their enrollment in the study, ensuring their voluntary participation and adherence to ethical standards in research. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Benefits of Krill Oil Supplementation During Alternate-Day Fasting in Adults With Overweight and Obesity: A Randomized Trial.

5. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2025 Sep;33(9):1694-1703. doi: 10.1002/oby.24354. Epub 2025 Jul 16. Benefits of Krill Oil Supplementation During Alternate-Day Fasting in Adults With Overweight and Obesity: A Randomized Trial. Alblaji M(1)(2), Gray SR(3)(4), Almesbehi T(1), Morrison DJ(5), Malkova D(1). Author information: (1)Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. (2)Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia. (3)School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. (4)Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania. (5)Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC), University of Glasgow, East Kilbride, UK. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of krill oil (KO) supplementation during alternate-day fasting (ADF) on body composition and muscle function in healthy adults with overweight. METHODS: In a randomized trial, during the 8-week ADF, participants consumed four capsules per day containing krill oil (KO group) or vegetable oil (placebo group). Each capsule of KO contained 191 mg EPA, 94 mg DHA, 78 mg choline, and 100 mcg astaxanthin. Body mass, fat-free mass (FFM), and handgrip strength (HGS) were measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. RESULTS: The study was completed by 41 (25 women and 16 men) participants (age: 39 ± 10 years, BMI: 31.1 ± 4.2 kg/m2). Body weight reduction was not different (p > 0.05) between groups (KO, -4.6 ± 1.4 kg; Placebo, -4.5 ± 1.9 kg). The KO group had no change (p > 0.05) in FFM (-0.2 ± 0.9 kg) or HGS (-0.2 ± 0.5 kg). The placebo group experienced a reduction (p < 0.05) in FFM (-1.2 ± 2.0 kg) and HGS (-0.9 ± 0.7 kg). Changes in FFM and HGS were different (p < 0.05) between groups. CONCLUSIONS: KO supplementation during body weight loss attenuates the decline in FFM and muscle strength. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT06001632). © 2025 The Author(s). Obesity published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Obesity Society. DOI: 10.1002/oby.24354 PMCID: PMC12381611 PMID: 40671417 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Astaxanthin supplement improves clinical outcomes, quality of life, and inflammatory factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized clinical trial.

6. Food Funct. 2025 Jul 14;16(14):5850-5858. doi: 10.1039/d5fo00949a. Astaxanthin supplement improves clinical outcomes, quality of life, and inflammatory factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized clinical trial. Grigorian A(1), Tabatabaeyan A(1), Salesi M(2), Feizi A(3), Ahmadi AR(4), Kafeshani M(1). Author information: (1)Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. kafeshani_nut@yahoo.com. (2)Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. (3)Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, School of Health, and Clinical toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. (4)Department of Biomedical Sciences, Women Research Center, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease that results in joint destruction and progressive disability. This study aimed to determine the effect of astaxanthin (ASX) on clinical outcomes, quality of life, and inflammatory factors in patients with RA. In this randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 60 patients with RA were randomly allocated into two groups and given either 20 mg day-1 of ASX supplement in the intervention group (n = 30) or placebo in the control group (n = 30) for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples were obtained from patients at the beginning and end of the intervention to measure the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Clinical symptoms were also measured, including the pain intensity based on the visual analogue scale (VAS), Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS-28), and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). In the intervention group compared to the control group after the intervention, DAS-28, HAQ, ESR, and CRP levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.05), and the pain intensity was marginally significantly reduced. The significant differences in DAS-28, HAQ, and ESR levels persisted even after adjusting for baseline values and other covariates. However, no significant differences in the pain intensity and CRP levels were found after controlling for confounding factors (P > 0.05). The IL-6 level did not change in either group by the end of the study, and the difference between the two groups also was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). This study demonstrated the beneficial effects of ASX on some important clinical outcomes, quality of life, and inflammatory factors in patients with RA. Including it as part of their treatment plan could significantly aid in managing their condition. DOI: 10.1039/d5fo00949a PMID: 40569081 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Calanus Oil and Lifestyle Interventions Improve Glucose Homeostasis in Obese Subjects with Insulin Resistance.

7. Mar Drugs. 2025 Mar 23;23(4):139. doi: 10.3390/md23040139. Calanus Oil and Lifestyle Interventions Improve Glucose Homeostasis in Obese Subjects with Insulin Resistance. Kerlikowsky F(1), Bartsch M(1)(2)(3), Jonas W(1), Hahn A(1), Schuchardt JP(1). Author information: (1)Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30159 Hannover, Germany. (2)NutritionLab, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Osnabrueck University of Applied Sciences, 49090 Osnabrueck, Germany. (3)Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany. Obesity increases the risk for insulin resistance (IR) and type-2 diabetes. Lifestyle interventions (LI) and dietary supplementation can help mitigate IR. We investigated the effect of calanus oil (CO) supplementation, combined with LI, on glucose homeostasis in obese subjects. CO, a novel marine oil, contains omega-3 fatty acid wax esters as well as plant sterols and astaxanthin. In the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled 12-week intervention study, 266 subjects with distinct IR phenotypes were assigned to four groups: 2 g CO/day, 4 g CO/day, 2 g CO/day + LI, and placebo. The effect of CO on HOMA index reduction was influenced by the initial (t0) squared HOMA index (interaction p = 0.011). A post hoc test showed significant improvement with 2 g CO/day + LI (estimated marginal means [EMM] 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.19 [-0.80-0.41], p = 0.021). Secondary analysis revealed that 4 g CO/day had significant effects in subjects with mild IR (HOMA index 2.5-5.0) (EMM [95% CI]: -0.76 [-1.53-0.03], p = 0.043). CO supplementation improved glucose homeostasis, with effects varying by dose, combination with LI, and IR phenotype. DOI: 10.3390/md23040139 PMCID: PMC12028837 PMID: 40278260 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: This research was partially funded by Zooca®Lipids, Tromsø, Norway, grant number 60422758. The sponsors had no role in the design, execution, interpretation, or writing of the study. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. All authors have read and agreed to the submitted version of the manuscript.

Impact of astaxanthin supplementation on markers of cardiometabolic health and tactical performance among firefighters.

8. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2024 Dec;21(1):2427751. doi: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2427751. Epub 2024 Nov 20. Impact of astaxanthin supplementation on markers of cardiometabolic health and tactical performance among firefighters. Gonzalez DE(1), Dickerson BL(1), Johnson SE(1), Woodruff KE(1), Leonard M(1), Yoo C(1), Ko J(1), Xing D(1), Martinez V(1), Kendra J(1), Estes L(1), Sowinski RJ(1), Rasmussen CJ(1), Martin SE(2), Kreider RB(1). Author information: (1)Texas A&M University, Exercise and Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, College Station, TX, USA. (2)Texas A&M University, Sydney and JL Huffines Institute for Sports Medicine and Human Performance, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, College Station, TX, USA. RATIONALE: Firefighters are at risk for cardiovascular disease due to occupational-related inflammation, oxidative stress, and lifestyle practices. Astaxanthin (AX) possesses anti-inflammatory/antioxidant and purported ergogenic properties. This study examined the impact of supplementing the diet with 12 mg/d AX for four weeks on markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, cardiometabolic health, exercise capacity, and occupation-related performance in career firefighters. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover fashion, 15 male career firefighters (34.5 ± 7.4 years; 177.7 ± 7.0 cm; 95.6 ± 12.0 kg; 30.1 ± 2.9 kg/m2; 11.03 ± 6.85 years of service) ingested 12 mg/d of AX (AstaReal®, AstaReal AB, Nacka, SWE) or placebo (PLA) for four weeks while following a standardized resistance training program. After each treatment, testing sessions were completed to assess inflammatory markers, oxidative stress markers, cardiopulmonary exercise capacity, and performance to a fire ground test (FGT) consisting of nine fire suppressive activities. Data were analyzed using general linear model (GLM) analysis with repeated measures. Clinical significance was assessed via mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Analysis of mean percent changes from baseline revealed that AX supplementation lessened the inflammatory response to to performing an incremental maximal exercise test and attenuated increases in interleukin-1β, cortisol, and uric acid in response to performing fire suppressive activities compared to when they ingested PLA. However, most of these effects were within groups rather than between groups. Additionally, there was evidence that AX ingestion increased the ventilatory anaerobic threshold. Four weeks of AX supplementation did not significantly affect fasting markers of oxidative stress, blood lipids, performance during the FGT, general clinical chemistry panels, or self-reported side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Results provide some evidence that AX supplementation may help mediate occupation-related inflammation in response to high-intensity, short-duration exercise in firefighters. More research is warranted to determine if long-term supplementation can improve cardiometabolic risk in this population. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN10901752. DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2427751 PMCID: PMC11583326 PMID: 39568140 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Effects of carotenoid supplementation on glycemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

9. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2025 Mar;79(2):113-125. doi: 10.1038/s41430-024-01511-y. Epub 2024 Sep 26. Effects of carotenoid supplementation on glycemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Shokri-Mashhadi N(1)(2), Baechle C(3)(4), Schiemann T(3)(5), Schaefer E(3)(4), Barbaresko J(3), Schlesinger S(3)(4). Author information: (1)Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. nafiseh.shokri@ddz.de. (2)German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, Muenchen-Neuherberg, Düsseldorf, Germany. nafiseh.shokri@ddz.de. (3)Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. (4)German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, Muenchen-Neuherberg, Düsseldorf, Germany. (5)Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. OBJECTIVES: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of carotenoid supplementation on glycemic indices, and the certainty of evidence. METHODS: A systematic literature search in PubMed, SCOPUS, ISI-Web of Science, and Cochrane Library was conducted from inception up to Jun 17, 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of carotenoid supplementation on circulating glycemic parameters were included. Records were excluded when studies reported the effect of co-interventions with other nutrients, did not provide mean differences (MDs) and standard deviations (SD) for outcomes, or administered whole food rather than supplements of carotenoids. Summary mean differences (MDs) and 95% CI between intervention and control groups were estimated using a random-effects model. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Risk of Bias 2.0 (RoB 2.0) tool. RESULTS: Overall, 36 publications with 45 estimated effect sizes were included in the meta-analyses. The overall findings showed an improvement in fasting blood glucose (FBG) (MD = -4.54 mg/dl; 95% CI: -5.9, -3.2; n = 45), and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) (MD = -0.25% (95% CI: -0.4, -0.11; n = 22) in the intervention group in comparison with the control group. Moreover, in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), interventions with astaxanthin and fucoxanthin led to a reduction in FBG by 4.36 mg/dl (95% CI: -6.13, -2.6; n = 10). The findings also showed that the intervention with crocin reduced FBG levels by 13.5 mg/dl (95% CI: -15.5, -7.8; n = 5), and HbA1C by 0.55% (95% CI: -0.77, -0.34; n = 5) in individuals with T2D. However, the certainty of evidence was very low. CONCLUSION: Carotenoid's supplementation improved glycemic parameters especially in people with T2D. However. the certainty of evidence was very low, mainly due to small sample size, and indirectness. Therefore, no specific recommendations can be provided at present and well-designed RCTs are required. REGISTRY URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ REGISTRY NUMBER: CRD42021285084 REGISTRY AND REGISTRY NUMBER FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS OR META-ANALYSES: PROSPERO ID: CRD42021285084. © 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited. DOI: 10.1038/s41430-024-01511-y PMID: 39327454 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Exploring the Impact of Astaxanthin Supplementation in Conjunction with a 12-Week CrossFit Training Regimen on Selected Adipo-Myokines Levels in Obese Males.

10. Nutrients. 2024 Aug 26;16(17):2857. doi: 10.3390/nu16172857. Exploring the Impact of Astaxanthin Supplementation in Conjunction with a 12-Week CrossFit Training Regimen on Selected Adipo-Myokines Levels in Obese Males. Moqaddam MA(1), Nemati M(2), Dara MM(1), Hoteit M(3)(4), Sadek Z(4)(5), Ramezani A(6), Rand MK(6), Abbassi-Daloii A(6), Pashaei Z(7), Almaqhawi A(8), Razi O(9), Escobar KA(10), Supriya R(11)(12), Saeidi A(13), Zouhal H(14)(15). Author information: (1)Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran. (2)Department of Biomechanics and Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran 1571914911, Iran. (3)Food Science Unit, National Council for Scientific Research of Lebanon (CNRS-L), Beirut 11-8281, Lebanon. (4)Section 1, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon. (5)Laboratory of Motor System, Handicap and Rehabilitation (MOHAR), Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon. (6)Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Amol 6134937333, Iran. (7)Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran. (8)Department of Family Medicine and Community, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia. (9)Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Razi University, Kermanshah 6714414971, Iran. (10)Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA. (11)Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China. (12)Academy of Wellness and Human Development, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China. (13)Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 1517566177, Iran. (14)M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé)-EA 1274, Université Rennes, 35044 Rennes, France. (15)Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), 35850 Irodouer, France. OBJECTIVE: Obesity is associated with an exacerbated metabolic condition that is mediated through impairing balance in the secretion of some adipo-myokines. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to explore the impact of astaxanthin supplementation in conjunction with a 12-week CrossFit training regimen on some selected adipo-myokines, insulin insensitivity, and serum lipid levels in obese males. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study is a randomized control trial design; 60 obese males were randomly divided into four groups of 15, including the control group (CG), supplement group (SG), training group (TG), and combined training and supplement group (TSG). The participants were subjected to 12 weeks of astaxanthin (AST) supplementation [20 mg/d capsule, once/d] or CrossFit training or a combination of both interventions. The training regimen comprised 36 sessions of CrossFit, each lasting 60 min, conducted three times per week. The metabolic indices, body composition, anthropometrical, cardio-respiratory, and also some plasma adipo-myokine factors, including decorin (DCN), activin A, myostatin (MST), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and follistatin (FST), were examined 12 and 72 h before the initiation of the main interventional protocols, and then 72 h after the final session of the training protocol. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the baseline data between the groups (p > 0.05). There were significant interactions between group x time for DCN (η2 = 0.82), activin A (η2 = 0.50), FST (η2 = 0.92), MST (η2 = 0.75), and TGFB-1 (η2 = 0.67) (p < 0.001 for all the variables). Significantly changes showed for DCN in TSG compared to TG and SG and also TG compared to SG (p = 0.0001); for activin A in SG compared to TG (p = 0.01) and TSG (p = 0.002); for FST in SG compared to TG and TSG (p = 0.0001), also in TSG compared to TG (p = 0.0001); for MST in SG, TG, and TSG compared to CG (p = 0.0001) and also in TSG compared to SG (p = 0.0001) and TG (p = 0.001); for TGFB-1 in SG, TG, and TSG compared to CG (p = 0.0001) and also TSG compared to SG (p = 0.0001) and TG (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The 12-week CrossFit training concurrent with AST supplementation reduced anthropometric and metabolic factors and also serum lipid levels while producing positive changes in body composition and cardiovascular factors. Increased FST and DCN and reduced activin A, MST, and TGF-β1 were other affirmative responses to both interventions. DOI: 10.3390/nu16172857 PMCID: PMC11397083 PMID: 39275173 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Exploring the benefits of astaxanthin as a functional food ingredient: Its effects on oxidative stress and reproductive outcomes in women with PCOS - A systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

11. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2025 Feb;398(2):1155-1169. doi: 10.1007/s00210-024-03432-w. Epub 2024 Sep 13. Exploring the benefits of astaxanthin as a functional food ingredient: Its effects on oxidative stress and reproductive outcomes in women with PCOS - A systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Rodrigues VD(#)(1), Boaro BL(#)(1), Laurindo LF(2), Chagas EFB(3)(4), de Lima EP(4), Laurindo LF(5)(6)(7), Barbalho SM(3)(4)(8)(9). Author information: (1)Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo, 17519-030, Brazil. (2)Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de São José Do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15090-000, Brazil. (3)Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil. (4)Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil. (5)Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo, 17519-030, Brazil. lucasffffor@gmail.com. (6)Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil. lucasffffor@gmail.com. (7)Department of Administration, Associate Degree in Hospital Management, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil. lucasffffor@gmail.com. (8)Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília, São Paulo, 17500-000, Brazil. (9)UNIMAR Charity Hospital, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil. (#)Contributed equally Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent gynecological-endocrinological disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, menstrual irregularities, and metabolic disturbances. Recent research has highlighted the role of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in exacerbating PCOS symptoms and impeding reproductive outcomes. Astaxanthin, a potent antioxidant found in marine organisms, has been suggested as a potential therapeutic intervention due to its ability to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. This meta-analysis systematically reviews randomized controlled trials assessing the impact of astaxanthin supplementation on oxidative stress and reproductive outcomes in women with PCOS. Data from four trials were analyzed, focusing on markers of oxidative stress and reproductive health metrics. The meta-analysis utilized fixed and random-effects models to synthesize results, with heterogeneity assessed using Chi-square and I2 statistics. The findings indicate that while astaxanthin significantly improves markers of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in follicular fluid, it does not show a consistent effect on other oxidative stress biomarkers such as malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), or superoxide dismutase (SOD). Reproductive outcomes, including oocyte quality and the number of high-quality embryos, showed moderate improvements, although effects on fertilization rates and pregnancy outcomes were insignificant. The analysis highlights variability in study designs and dosing, suggesting a need for further research with standardized protocols and larger sample sizes. Future studies should focus on determining optimal dosing, exploring mechanistic pathways, and investigating the combined effects of astaxanthin with other interventions. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess long-term benefits and safety, and personalized approaches could enhance treatment efficacy for individuals with PCOS. © 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03432-w PMID: 39269488 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests.

The effect of astaxanthin supplementation on inflammatory markers, oxidative stress indices, lipid profile, uric acid level, blood pressure, endothelial function, quality of life, and disease symptoms in heart failure subjects.

12. Trials. 2024 Aug 1;25(1):518. doi: 10.1186/s13063-024-08339-8. The effect of astaxanthin supplementation on inflammatory markers, oxidative stress indices, lipid profile, uric acid level, blood pressure, endothelial function, quality of life, and disease symptoms in heart failure subjects. Mohammadi SG(1), Feizi A(2), Bagherniya M(3), Shafie D(4), Ahmadi AR(5), Kafeshani M(6). Author information: (1)Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. (2)Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Health School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. (3)Department of Community Nutrition, Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. (4)Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. (5)Department of Biomedical Sciences, Women Research Center, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran. (6)Nutrition and Food Security Research Centerand, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. kafeshani_nut@yahoo.com. BACKGROUND: Heart failure is a chronic and progressive disease where the heart muscle is unable to pump enough blood and oxygen to meet the body's needs. Oxidative stress and inflammation are key elements in the development and progression of heart failure. Astaxanthin, a carotenoid, has strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that may protect the cardiovascular system. A study will evaluate the effect of astaxanthin supplementation on inflammatory status, oxidative stress, lipid profile, uric acid levels, endothelial function, quality of life, and disease symptoms in people with heart failure. METHODS: The current study is a double-blind controlled randomized clinical trial for 8 weeks, in which people with heart failure were randomly assigned to two groups: intervention (one capsule containing 20 mg of astaxanthin per day, n = 40) and placebo (one capsule containing 20 mg of maltodextrin per day, n = 40) will be divided. At the beginning and end of the intervention, uric acid, lipid profile, oxidative stress indices, inflammatory markers, blood pressure, nitric oxide, and anthropometric factors will be measured, and questionnaires measuring quality of life, fatigue intensity, shortness of breath, and appetite will be completed. SPSS version 22 software will be used for statistical analysis. DISCUSSION: There is a growing global interest in natural and functional food products. This RCT contributes to the expanding body of research on the potential benefits of astaxanthin in heart failure patients, including its antioxidant, lipid-lowering, and anti-inflammatory effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20200429047235N3. Registered on 26 March 2024. © 2024. The Author(s). DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08339-8 PMCID: PMC11292897 PMID: 39090754 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declared that there is no competing interests.

Antioxidant Lipid Supplement on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

13. Nutrients. 2024 Jul 10;16(14):2213. doi: 10.3390/nu16142213. Antioxidant Lipid Supplement on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Wan S(1)(2), Wu W(2), Zhang Y(1), He J(3), Wang X(4), An P(2), Luo J(5), Zhu Y(6), Luo Y(1)(2). Author information: (1)College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China. (2)Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. (3)National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot 010110, China. (4)Zhejiang Medicine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 312366, China. (5)Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China. (6)State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China. The efficacy of functional lipids with antioxidant properties in reducing cardiovascular risk has not been consistent. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting estimates for the effects of antioxidant functional lipid supplementations on cardiometabolic risk factors were searched up to 1 May 2024. Overall, antioxidant lipid supplementations, compared with placebo, had favorable effects on systolic blood pressure (lycopene: -1.95 [-3.54, -0.36] mmHg), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (n6 fatty acid: -0.39 [-0.71, -0.06] mmol/L; astaxanthin: -0.11 [-0.21, -0.01] mmol/L), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (n3 fatty acid: 0.20 [0.13, 0.27] mmol/L; n6 fatty acid: 0.08 [0.01, 0.14] mmol/L; astaxanthin: 0.13 [0.05, 0.21] mmol/L), total cholesterol (n6 fatty acid: -0.24 [-0.37, -0.11] mmol/L; astaxanthin: -0.22 [-0.32, -0.12] mmol/L; beta-carotene: -0.13 [-0.23, -0.04] mmol/L), triglyceride (n3 fatty acid: -0.37 [-0.47, -0.28] mmol/L; astaxanthin: -0.46 [-0.83, -0.10] mmol/L), and fasting blood insulin (astaxanthin: -2.66 [-3.98, -1.34] pmol/L). The benefits of antioxidant lipid supplementations appeared to be most evident in blood pressure and blood lipids in participants with different cardiometabolic health statuses. Notably, n9 fatty acid increased triglyceride and hemoglobin A1C in the total population, which increases CVD risk. Antioxidant lipid supplementations ameliorate cardiometabolic risk factors, while their effect may depend on type and cardiometabolic health status. Long-term RCTs are needed to corroborate risk-benefit ratios across different antioxidant functional lipid supplementation settings. DOI: 10.3390/nu16142213 PMCID: PMC11279989 PMID: 39064656 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Author X.W. was employed by the company Zhejiang Medicine Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as potential conflicts of interest.