크롬 (혈당)

Effect of chromium supplementation on glycated hemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus.

1. Nutr J. 2015 Feb 13;14:14. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-14-14. Effect of chromium supplementation on glycated hemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus. Yin RV(1), Phung OJ(2). Author information: (1)Western University of Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy, 309 E. S

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of chromium supplementation in diabetes.

2. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2014 Jun;39(3):292-306. doi: 10.1111/jcpt.12147. Epub 2014 Mar 17. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of chromium supplementation in diabetes. Suksomboon N(1), Poolsup N, Yuwanakorn A. Author information: (1)Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Ph

Effect of a New Formulation of Nutraceuticals as an Add-On to Metformin Monotherapy for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Suboptimal Glycemic Control: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

3. Nutrients. 2021 Jul 11;13(7):2373. doi: 10.3390/nu13072373. Effect of a New Formulation of Nutraceuticals as an Add-On to Metformin Monotherapy for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Suboptimal Glycemic Control: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sartore G(1), Ragazzi E(2), Antonello G(1), Cosma C

Synergistic Cardioprotective Effects of Combined Chromium Picolinate and Atorvastatin Treatment in Triton X-100-Induced Hyperlipidemia in Rats: Impact on Some Biochemical Markers.

4. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2017 Dec;180(2):255-264. doi: 10.1007/s12011-017-1010-6. Epub 2017 Apr 13. Synergistic Cardioprotective Effects of Combined Chromium Picolinate and Atorvastatin Treatment in Triton X-100-Induced Hyperlipidemia in Rats: Impact on Some Biochemical Markers. Shafik NM(1), Ba

Chromium picolinate and conjugated linoleic acid do not synergistically influence diet- and exercise-induced changes in body composition and health indexes in overweight women.

5. J Nutr Biochem. 2008 Jan;19(1):61-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2007.01.006. Epub 2007 May 24. Chromium picolinate and conjugated linoleic acid do not synergistically influence diet- and exercise-induced changes in body composition and health indexes in overweight women. Diaz ML(1), Watkins BA,

Dietary chromium supplementation with or without somatotropin treatment alters serum hormones and metabolites in growing pigs without affecting growth performance.

6. J Nutr. 1993 Sep;123(9):1504-12. doi: 10.1093/jn/123.9.1504. Dietary chromium supplementation with or without somatotropin treatment alters serum hormones and metabolites in growing pigs without affecting growth performance. Evock-Clover CM(1), Polansky MM, Anderson RA, Steele NC. Author inf

Chromium supplementation and type 2 diabetes mellitus: an extensive systematic review.

7. Environ Geochem Health. 2024 Nov 14;46(12):515. doi: 10.1007/s10653-024-02297-5. Chromium supplementation and type 2 diabetes mellitus: an extensive systematic review. Georgaki MN(1)(2), Tsokkou S(3), Keramas A(3), Papamitsou T(3), Karachrysafi S(3), Kazakis N(4). Author information: (1)Envi

Chromium supplementation does not improve weight loss or metabolic and hormonal variables in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review.

8. Nutr Res. 2018 Aug;56:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.04.003. Epub 2018 Apr 13. Chromium supplementation does not improve weight loss or metabolic and hormonal variables in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review. Maleki V(1), Izadi A(1), Farsad-Naeimi A(1), Alizadeh M(2)

Effectiveness of mineral supplements (magnesium, chromium, zinc, selenium, chromium picolinate) in reducing insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

1. BMC Endocr Disord. 2026 Jan 24;26(1):74. doi: 10.1186/s12902-025-02158-x. Effectiveness of mineral supplements (magnesium, chromium, zinc, selenium, chromium picolinate) in reducing insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ye J(1)(2), Cen S(2), Qi Q(1), Wang C(1), Wang J(1), Wang J(1), Yaping G(1), Wang J(3). Author information: (1)The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, China. (2)College of International Education, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. (3)The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, China. m13307753897@163.com. BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) often leads to insulin resistance, affecting glucose and fat metabolism. This study aimed to explore the impact of mineral supplements on insulin resistance, blood sugar, and lipid profiles in women with PCOS. METHODS: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted across four databases. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. Mineral supplements were compared with a placebo in all studies, and data were analyzed using fixed-effect and random-effects models to assess the impact on metabolic parameters. RESULTS: This meta-analysis included 11 RCTs involving 618 women with PCOS. Mineral supplementation was associated with significant reductions in fasting blood glucose (SMD = − 0.34, p < 0.001), fasting insulin (SMD = − 0.72, p < 0.001), and HOMA-IR (SMD = − 0.75, p < 0.001). In addition, total cholesterol (SMD = − 0.35, p < 0.001) and triglyceride levels (SMD = − 0.58, p < 0.001) were significantly reduced. A small but statistically significant reduction in HDL levels was also observed (SMD = − 0.19, p = 0.04). No significant effect was found on LDL-C (SMD = − 0.11, p = 0.55). CONCLUSION: Mineral supplementation may improve insulin resistance and selected metabolic parameters in PCOS, with the most consistent effects observed for glycemic indices. Effects on lipid parameters were mixed. Further large-scale, well-designed trials are needed to clarify long-term benefits and optimal supplementation strategies. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12902-025-02158-x. DOI: 10.1186/s12902-025-02158-x PMCID: PMC12955229 PMID: 41580698 Conflict of interest statement: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Therapeutic effects of chromium supplementation on women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

2. Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed). 2025 Oct;72(8):501578. doi: 10.1016/j.endien.2025.501578. Therapeutic effects of chromium supplementation on women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hamsho M(1), Ranneh Y(2), Fadel A(3). Author information: (1)Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Istanbul Yeni Yüzyıl University, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: Hamsho2000001@hotmail.com. (2)Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. (3)Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has been treated recently with chromium supplementations. However, it is unknown if this dietary supplement has similar effect to metformin. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of chromium supplementation in women with PCOS. METHODS: A meta-analysis was conducted using relevant articles obtained from searches of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar. The mean difference and standardized mean difference were employed to determine the effect size for biochemical parameters. RESULTS: A total of 10 randomized controlled trials involving 683 women were included in the analysis. The results indicated that chromium supplementation, as vs a placebo, significantly decreased fasting blood insulin (P=0.01), triglyceride (P<0.00001), total cholesterol (P<0.00001), very low-density lipoprotein (P<0.00001), low-density lipoprotein (P=0.0003), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (P=0.02), malondialdehyde (P=0.007), follicle stimulating hormone (P=0.0007), and prolactin (P=0.01), and increased the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (P=0.02), total antioxidant capacity (P<0.0001), and ovulation incidence (P=0.001). Chromium supplementation was also found to be more effective than metformin in reducing HOMA-IR (P<0.00001), and luteinizing hormone (P=0.04). CONCLUSION: Chromium picolinate supplementation at a dosage of 200μg may provide benefits similar to metformin with regard to FBG, FBI, ovulation, and pregnancy incidence, with fewer side effects in patients with PCOS. Further experiments are still required to draw effective dietary guidelines related to chromium. Copyright © 2025 SEEN. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2025.501578 PMID: 41067797 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation affects tryptophan metabolism during a 12-week endurance training in amateur runners: a randomized controlled trial.

3. Sci Rep. 2024 Feb 19;14(1):4102. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-54112-x. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation affects tryptophan metabolism during a 12-week endurance training in amateur runners: a randomized controlled trial. Tomczyk M(#)(1), Bidzan-Wiącek M(#)(2), Kortas JA(3), Kochanowicz M(4), Jost Z(5), Fisk HL(6), Calder PC(6)(7), Antosiewicz J(8). Author information: (1)Department of Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336, Gdansk, Poland. maja.tomczyk@awf.gda.pl. (2)Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland. (3)Department of Biomechanics and Sports Engineering, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336, Gdansk, Poland. (4)Department of Physiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland. (5)Department of Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336, Gdansk, Poland. (6)School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK. (7)NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK. (8)Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland. jant@gumed.edu.pl. (#)Contributed equally The effects of long-term omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation during endurance training on tryptophan (Trp) metabolism and mental state of healthy individuals have not been evaluated so far. Concentrations of plasma Trp, its metabolites and IL-6 were assessed in 26 male runners before and after a 12-week training program combined with supplementation of n-3 PUFAs (O-3 + TRAIN group) or medium chain triglycerides (MCTs; TRAIN group). After the 12-week program participants' mood before and after stress induction was also assessed. The effects of the same supplementation protocol were evaluated also in 14 inactive subjects (O-3 + SEDEN group). Concentrations of 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) and picolinic acid (PA) significantly increased only in the O-3 + TRAIN group (p = 0.01; [Formula: see text] = 0.22 and p = 0.01; [Formula: see text]= 0.26). Favorable, but not statistically significant changes in the concentrations of kynurenic acid (KYNA) (p = 0.06; [Formula: see text]= 0.14), xanthurenic acid (XA) (p = 0.07; [Formula: see text]= 0.13) and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA) (p = 0.06; [Formula: see text]= 0.15) and in the ratio of neurotoxic to neuroprotective metabolites were seen also only in the O-3 + TRAIN group. No changes in mood and IL-6 concentrations were observed in either group. Supplementation with n-3 PUFAs during endurance training has beneficial effects on Trp's neuroprotective metabolites.Trial registry: This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with identifier NCT05520437 (14/07/2021 first trial registration and 2018/31/N/NZ7/02962 second trial registration). © 2024. The Author(s). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54112-x PMCID: PMC10876641 PMID: 38374149 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no competing interests.

Effects of chromium supplementation on body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes: A dose-response systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

4. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2024 Jan;81:127338. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127338. Epub 2023 Nov 7. Effects of chromium supplementation on body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes: A dose-response systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Vajdi M(1), Khajeh M(1), Safaei E(2), Moeinolsadat S(3), Mousavi S(4), Seyedhosseini-Ghaheh H(5), Abbasalizad-Farhangi M(6), Askari G(7). Author information: (1)Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. (2)Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. (3)Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran. (4)Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. (5)Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. (6)Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: abbasalizad_m@yahoo.com. (7)Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Electronic address: Askari@mui.ac.ir. INTRODUCTION: Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated the beneficial effects of chromium supplementation in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the associations between chromium supplementation and body composition in patients with T2DM. METHODS: To achieve this, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that reported the effects of chromium supplementation on body composition such as body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), and waist circumference (WC) in patients with T2DM from inception until July 2023. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a fixed-effects model. RESULTS: The meta-analysis included a total of 14 RCTs. The results showed that chromium supplementation did not have any significant effect on FM (WMD = -0.43%; 95% CI -0.94, 0.09), BMI (WMD: 0.09 kg/M2, 95% CI: -0.03, 0.20), WC (WMD: -0.47 cm, 95% CI: -1.10, 0.16), and BW (WMD: -0.26 kg, 95% CI: -0.69, 0.16). However, subgroup analysis revealed that chromium intake decreased FM in subjects aged ≥ 55 years and when chromium picolinate was used as an intervention. Additionally, there was a non-linear association between the dose of chromium supplementation and BW. CONCLUSIONS: The meta-analysis suggests that chromium supplementation does not significantly reduce BW, BMI, WC, and FM in patients with T2DM. Further RCTs with large-scale are required to determine the possible anti-obesity effects of chromium in patients with T2DM. Copyright © 2023 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127338 PMID: 37952433 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Impact of 12 Weeks of Vitamin D(3) Administration in Parkinson's Patients with Deep Brain Stimulation on Kynurenine Pathway and Inflammatory Status.

5. Nutrients. 2023 Sep 2;15(17):3839. doi: 10.3390/nu15173839. Impact of 12 Weeks of Vitamin D(3) Administration in Parkinson's Patients with Deep Brain Stimulation on Kynurenine Pathway and Inflammatory Status. Bytowska ZK(1), Korewo-Labelle D(2), Kowalski K(3), Libionka W(4), Przewłócka K(1), Kloc W(5)(6), Kaczor JJ(7). Author information: (1)Division of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland. (2)Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland. (3)Masdiag-Diagnostic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Stefana Żeromskiego 33, 01-882 Warsaw, Poland. (4)Department of Neurosurgery, University Clinical Centre in Gdansk, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland. (5)Department of Neurosurgery, Copernicus Medical Center, 80-803 Gdansk, Poland. (6)Department of Psychology and Sociology of Health and Public Health, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland. (7)Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland. The current study aimed to investigate whether a 12-week Body Mass Index (BMI)-based (the higher the BMI, the higher the dosage) vitamin D3 administration may affect both the kynurenine pathway (KP) and the inflammatory state in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with deep brain stimulation (DBS) and may be useful for developing novel therapeutic targets against PD. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: supplemented with vitamin D3 (VitD, n = 15) and treated with vegetable oil (PL, n = 21). Administration lasted for 12 weeks. The isotope dilution method by LC-MS/MS was applied to measure KP and vitamin D metabolites. Serum concentrations of cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α were measured using ELISA kits. After administration, the serum concentration of TNF-α decreased in PD patients with DBS. Moreover, in KP: 3-hydroksykynurenine (3-HK) was increased in the PL group, picolinic acid was decreased in the PL group, and kynurenic acid tended to be higher after administration. Furthermore, a negative correlation between 3-HK and 25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 was noticed. Our preliminary results provide further evidence regarding a key link between the KP substances, inflammation status, and metabolites of vitamin D in PD patients with DBS. These findings may reflect the neuroprotective abilities of vitamin D3 in PD patients with DBS. DOI: 10.3390/nu15173839 PMCID: PMC10490466 PMID: 37686871 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Author Konrad Kowalski was employed by the company Masdiag-Diagnostic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Stefana Żeromskiego 33, 01-882 Warsaw, Poland. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effectof Chromium Picolinate Supplementation on Gene Expression of TumorNecrosis Factor-α and DNA Damage in Metabolic Syndrome Patients.

6. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2021 Nov-Dec;32(6):1671-1678. doi: 10.4103/1319-2442.352428. Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effectof Chromium Picolinate Supplementation on Gene Expression of TumorNecrosis Factor-α and DNA Damage in Metabolic Syndrome Patients. Mozaffari-Khosravi H(1), Jambarsan S(2), Karimpour F(3), Hosseini SE(4), Kour BE(1). Author information: (1)Nutrition and Food Security Research Center; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. (2)Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. (3)Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Science, Yasuj, Iran. (4)Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is caused by environmental factors as well as genetic. Human studies of efficacy of chromium for glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin function is not still definitive. Furthermore, the effect of chromium supplementation on the expression of inflammatory genes in patients with MS has not been studied. We will assess effects of chromium picolinate supplementation on gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and DNA damage in MS patients. In this triple-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial, 48 MS patients will be randomly assigned into two groups to receive daily 400 μg chromium picolinate supplement or placebo for 12 weeks. The outcome measures include of change in fasting blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin A1C, inflammatory biomarkers, lipid profile, blood pressure, gene expression of TNF-α, and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine concentration as DNA damage biomarker, will be quantified at baseline and end of intervention. This protocol was approved by Institutional Research Ethics Committee School of Public Health Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences (Approval ID: IR.SSU.SPH.REC.1399.141). DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.352428 PMID: 35946280 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: None

The effect of chromium supplementation on apolipoproteins: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

7. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2020 Dec;40:34-41. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.09.003. Epub 2020 Sep 30. The effect of chromium supplementation on apolipoproteins: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Shahinfar H(1), Amini MR(2), Sheikhhossein F(3), Djafari F(2), Jafari A(2), Shab-Bidar S(4). Author information: (1)Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran. (2)Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran. (3)Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran. (4)Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: s_shabbidar@tums.ac.ir. BACKGROUND: Apos play a role in lipoprotein metabolism. Several studies have been carried out on the effect of chromium supplement in improving CVD risk factors. OBJECTIVE: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis that aimed to investigate the effect of chromium supplementation on Apos levels of human studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched PubMed, Scopus up to May 2020 up to September 2019. We retrieved studies from identified articles. The studies' quality was evaluated using Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. We estimated the effect of chromium supplementation on Apo A, Apo A1, and Apo B by pooling mean and standard deviation (SD) values. RESULTS: We obtained six trials involving 231 participants. Chromium consumption resulted significantly decreased Apo B while the subjects were ingesting chromium picolinate. Chromium supplementation did not significantly decrease Apo A (WMD: -3.89 mg/dl; 95% CI, -11.96 to 4.18) with no significant heterogeneity (I2 = 0.00%, p = 0.37). The serum level of Apo A1 did not statistically change following chromium intervention (WMD: 6.11 mg/dl; 95% CI, -7.01 to 19.23) with no significant heterogeneity (I2 = 0.00%, p = 0.68). Chromium supplementation did not significantly decrease Apo B (WMD: 3.81 mg/dl; 95% CI, -5.32 to 12.94). With no significant heterogeneity (I2 = 42.3%, p = 0.12). CONCLUSIONS: The chromium supplement did not have a significant effect on the Apolipoproteins (Apo A, ApoA1 and Apo B). Copyright © 2020 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.09.003 PMID: 33183560 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of competing interest The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

A pilot study of the effects of chromium picolinate supplementation on serum fetuin-A, metabolic and inflammatory factors in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

8. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2021 Jan;63:126659. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126659. Epub 2020 Sep 30. A pilot study of the effects of chromium picolinate supplementation on serum fetuin-A, metabolic and inflammatory factors in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Moradi F(1), Kooshki F(1), Nokhostin F(2), Khoshbaten M(3), Bazyar H(4), Pourghassem Gargari B(5). Author information: (1)Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry & Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Iran. (2)Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran. (3)Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. (4)Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran. (5)Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry & Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Iran. Electronic address: pourghassemb@tbzmed.ac.ir. BACKGROUND: Evaluating the impact of chromium picolinate supplementation on glycemic status, lipid profile, inflammatory markers and fetuin-A in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS: In present research, participants (N = 46) were randomized to (400 mcg/day, n = 23) chromium picolinate and placebo (n = 23) for 3 months. RESULTS: Glucose indices, and lipid profiles, inflammatory biomarker and fetuin-A were measured before and after the intervention. Chromium reduced triglyceride (TG), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL) -6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and fetuin-A significantly compared to placebo group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, chromium significantly increased the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). There were no significant differences in total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), fasting blood sugar (FBS), Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), interleukin (IL)-17 between the two groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Chromium picolinate significantly decreased TG, insulin, HOMA-IR, fetuin-A, the number of inflammatory factors, and increased QUICKI without changing FBS, HbA1C, TC, LDL, HDL, IL-17 levels and liver steatosis intensity in patients with NAFLD. Further studies by examining the effect of different doses of chromium and mechanisms of cellular action, would help further clarify the subject. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126659 PMID: 33045675 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

A novel nutritional supplement containing amino acids and chromium decreases postprandial glucose response in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

9. PLoS One. 2020 Jun 24;15(6):e0234237. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234237. eCollection 2020. A novel nutritional supplement containing amino acids and chromium decreases postprandial glucose response in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Östman E(1), Samigullin A(2), Heyman-Lindén L(3), Andersson K(3)(4), Björck I(1), Öste R(1)(3), Humpert PM(2)(5)(6). Author information: (1)Food for Health Science Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. (2)StarScience GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany. (3)Aventure AB, Lund, Sweden. (4)Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. (5)Stoffwechselzentrum Rhein Pfalz, Mannheim, Germany. (6)Department of Internal Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. High postprandial blood glucose levels are associated with increased mortality, cardiovascular events and development of diabetes in the general population. Interventions targeting postprandial glucose have been shown to prevent both cardiovascular events and diabetes. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of a novel nutritional supplement targeting postprandial glucose excursions in non-diabetic adults. Sixty overweight healthy male and female participants were recruited at two centers and randomized in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. The supplement, a water-based drink containing 2.6g of amino acids (L-Leucine, L-Threonine, L-Lysine Monohydrochloride, L-Isoleucine, L-Valine) and 250 mcg of chromium picolinate, was consumed with a standardized carbohydrate-rich meal. The primary endpoint was the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for venous blood glucose from 0 to 120 minutes. Secondary endpoints included glucose iAUC 0-180 minutes and the maximum glucose concentration (Cmax), for both venous and capillary blood glucose. In the intention-to-treat-analysis (n = 60) the supplement resulted in a decreased venous blood glucose iAUC0-120min compared to placebo, mean (SE) of 68.7 (6.6) versus 52.2 (6.8) respectively, a difference of -16.5 mmol/L•min (95% CI -3.1 to -30.0, p = 0.017). The Cmax for venous blood glucose for the supplement and placebo were 6.45 (0.12) versus 6.10 (<0.12), respectively, a difference of -0.35 mmol/L (95% CI -0.17 to -0.53, p<0.001). In the per protocol-analysis (n = 48), the supplement resulted in a decreased Cmax compared to placebo from 6.42 (0.14) to 6.12 (0.14), a difference of -0.29 mmol/L (95% CI -0.12 to -0.47, p = 0.002). No significant differences in capillary blood glucose were found, as measured by regular bed-side glucometers. The nutritional supplement drink containing amino acids and chromium improves the postprandial glucose homeostasis in overweight adults without diabetes. Future studies should clarify, whether regular consumption of the supplement improves markers of disease or could play a role in a diet aiming at preventing the development of diabetes. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234237 PMCID: PMC7313729 PMID: 32579549 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: EÖ, IB and RÖ are inventors of a patent family describing the supplement studied. EÖ and IB jointly own the right to the patent and Aventure AB/Double Good AB (RÖ) owns a license to use the patent. EÖ is an employee of Good Idea, Inc since August 2017. starScience GmbH (AS, PMH) have received funding for other studies by Aventure AB/Double Good AB. PH holds shares of Double Good AB. KA and LHL are employees of Aventure AB, the parent company of Double Good AB and Good Idea, Inc. The commercial affiliations of the authors do not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Efficacy and tolerability of a nutraceutical combination of red yeast rice, guggulipid, and chromium picolinate evaluated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.

10. Complement Ther Med. 2020 Jan;48:102282. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102282. Epub 2019 Dec 16. Efficacy and tolerability of a nutraceutical combination of red yeast rice, guggulipid, and chromium picolinate evaluated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Iskandar I(1), Harahap Y(2), Wijayanti TR(3), Sandra M(3), Prasaja B(3), Cahyaningsih P(4). Author information: (1)PT. Clinisindo Laboratories, Jl. Ulujami Raya No 12, Pesanggrahan, South Jakarta, Jakarta, 12250, Indonesia. Electronic address: irene.iskandar@clinisindo.com. (2)Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Indonesia, Depok, West Java, 16424, Indonesia. (3)PT. Clinisindo Laboratories, Jl. Ulujami Raya No 12, Pesanggrahan, South Jakarta, Jakarta, 12250, Indonesia. (4)PT. Novell Pharmaceutical Laboratories, Jl. Raya Pos Pengumben No. 8, West Jakarta, 11550, Jakarta, Indonesia. Hypercholesterolemia is the major risk factor in the development of coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in many countries worldwide. An increasing attention is now paid to nutraceuticals development for prevention and cure of dyslipidemia, especially for patients who do not wish to use chemical statins. The cholesterol lowering effect and the tolerability of NutraforChol®, a nutraceutical product containing red yeast rice extract, guggulipid extract and chromium picolinate, was evaluated on subjects who had total cholesterol level 200-239 mg/dL and LDL cholesterol level 100-159 mg/dL. In this study, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study which consisted of 4 weeks run-in period and 8 weeks treatment period was performed. Based on the study results, NutraforChol® effectively decreased total cholesterol (-15.9 %) and LDL level (-19.9 %) after two weeks consumption. The total cholesterol and LDL reduction were maintained during 8 weeks study period. At study termination (week 8), there was a significant difference between total cholesterol level of NutraforChol® treated group (173.5 ± 21.7 mg/dL) and placebo-treated group (204.5 ± 22.8 mg/dL) (p < 0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference between LDL level at week 8 in NutraforChol® group (115.5 ± 22.2 mg/dL) and placebo-treated group (145.1 ± 23.7 mg/dL) (p < 0.05). The tolerability of NutraforChol® was also evaluated. There were no significant changes (p > 0.05) on renal and liver function parameters between baseline and study termination. Thus, NutraforChol® may be considered as a complementary or alternative safe nutraceuticals for the treatment of mild dyslipidemic subjects. Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102282 PMID: 31987238 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

The effects of chromium and vitamin D(3) co-supplementation on insulin resistance and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in type 2 diabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

11. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2020 May;45(5):471-477. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0113. Epub 2019 Oct 8. The effects of chromium and vitamin D(3) co-supplementation on insulin resistance and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in type 2 diabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Imanparast F(1)(2), Javaheri J(3), Kamankesh F(1), Rafiei F(4), Salehi A(5), Mollaaliakbari Z(1), Rezaei F(1), Rahimi A(6), Abbasi E(7). Author information: (1)Department of Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran. (2)Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. (3)Arak Community and Preventive Medicine Specialist, Community Medicine Group, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. (4)Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. (5)Department of Nursing Education, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran. (6)Hayyan Pathobiology Lab, Khomein, Iran. (7)Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran. The current study was conducted to assess the effects of simultaneous usage with vitamin D3 and chromium picolinate (CrPic) supplementations on homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting blood glucose (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Ninety-two patients with T2DM were randomly allocated to the following 4 groups for 4 months: (I) placebo of vitamin D3 (n = 23); (II) vitamin D3 supplement at a dose of 50 000 IU/week (n = 23); (III) CrPic supplement at a dose of 500 μg/day (n = 23); and (IV) both vitamin D3 at a dose of 50 000 IU/week and CrPic at a dose of 500 μg/day (n = 23). HOMA-IR levels increased significantly in groups I and II after the intervention. However, this increase in group I was significantly higher than that in group II after the treatment. HOMA-IR levels were controlled in groups III and IV during the intervention. TNF-α decreased significantly in groups II, III, and IV after the intervention. FBS, HbA1c, and lipid profile did not change significantly in total groups after the intervention. It seems that chromium and vitamin D3 co-supplementation are probably effective in controlling HOMA-IR by decreasing TNF-α in T2DM. Novelty Chromium alone and/or in simultaneous pretreatment with vitamin D3 is more effective than vitamin D3 in controlling HOMA-IR in T2DM. Chromium and vitamin D3 alone and/or in simultaneous pretreatment decrease TNF-α in T2DM. DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0113 PMID: 31593637 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Effects of Chromium and Carnitine Co-supplementation on Body Weight and Metabolic Profiles in Overweight and Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

12. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2020 Feb;193(2):334-341. doi: 10.1007/s12011-019-01720-8. Epub 2019 Apr 11. Effects of Chromium and Carnitine Co-supplementation on Body Weight and Metabolic Profiles in Overweight and Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Jamilian M(1), Foroozanfard F(2), Kavossian E(2), Kia M(3), Aghadavod E(4), Amirani E(4), Asemi Z(5). Author information: (1)Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. (2)Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R., Iran. (3)Department of Midwifery, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran. (4)Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R., Iran. (5)Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R., Iran. asemi_r@yahoo.com. The primary aim of our study was to determine the influence of taking chromium plus carnitine on insulin resistance, with a secondary objective of evaluating the influences on lipid profiles and weight loss in overweight subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 54 overweight women were randomly assigned to receive either supplements (200 μg/day chromium picolinate plus 1000 mg/day carnitine) or placebo (27/each group). Chromium and carnitine co-supplementation decreased weight (- 3.6 ± 1.8 vs. - 1.0 ± 0.7 kg, P < 0.001), BMI (- 1.3 ± 0.7 vs. - 0.3 ± 0.3 kg/m2, P < 0.001), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (- 5.1 ± 6.0 vs. - 1.1 ± 4.9 mg/dL, P = 0.01), insulin (- 2.0 ± 1.4 vs. - 0.2 ± 1.2 μIU/mL, P < 0.001), insulin resistance (- 0.5 ± 0.4 vs. - 0.04 ± 0.3, P < 0.001), triglycerides (- 18.0 ± 25.2 vs. + 5.5 ± 14.4 mg/dL, P < 0.001), total (- 17.0 ± 20.3 vs. + 3.6 ± 12.0 mg/dL, P < 0.001), and LDL cholesterol (- 13.3 ± 19.2 vs. + 1.4 ± 13.3 mg/dL, P = 0.002), and elevated insulin sensitivity (+ 0.007 ± 0.005 vs. + 0.002 ± 0.005, P < 0.001). In addition, co-supplementation upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (P = 0.02) and low-density lipoprotein receptor expression (P = 0.02). Overall, chromium and carnitine co-supplementation for 12 weeks to overweight women with PCOS had beneficial effects on body weight, glycemic control, lipid profiles except HDL cholesterol levels, and gene expression of PPAR-γ and LDLR. Clinical trial registration number: http://www.irct.ir: IRCT20170513033941N38. DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01720-8 PMID: 30977089 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Carnitine and chromium co-supplementation affects mental health, hormonal, inflammatory, genetic, and oxidative stress parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

13. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2019 Mar 5:1-9. doi: 10.1080/0167482X.2018.1557144. Online ahead of print. Carnitine and chromium co-supplementation affects mental health, hormonal, inflammatory, genetic, and oxidative stress parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Jamilian M(1), Foroozanfard F(2), Kavossian E(2), Aghadavod E(3), Amirani E(3), Mahdavinia M(4), Mafi A(3), Asemi Z(3). Author information: (1)a Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center , Arak University of Medical Sciences , Arak , Iran. (2)b Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine , Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan , Iran. (3)c Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases , Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan , Iran. (4)d Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the co-administration of carnitine and chromium on mental health, hormonal, inflammatory and genetic parameters in women with PCOS. METHODS: This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 54 subjects, aged 18-40 years old. Subjects were randomly allocated to take either 1000 mg/d carnitine plus 200 µg/d chromium as chromium picolinate (n = 26) or placebo (n = 27) for 12 weeks. RESULTS: Carnitine and chromium co-supplementation, compared with the placebo, significantly improved beck depression inventory (β - 0.84; 95% CI, -1.51, -0.17; p = 0.01), general health questionnaire scores (β - 1.13; 95% CI, -2.13, -0.14; p = 0.02) and depression anxiety and stress scale scores (β - 0.96; 95% CI, -0.78, -0.14; p = 0.02). Participants who received carnitine plus chromium supplements had significantly lower total testosterone (β - 0.15 ng/mL; 95% CI, -0.24, -0.06; p = 0.002), hirsutism (β - 0.48; 95% CI, -0.91, -0.06; p = 0.02), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (β - 1.02 mg/L; 95% CI, -1.79, -0.25; p = 0.01), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (β - 0.38 µmol/L; 95% CI, -0.56, -0.20; p < 0.001), and higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels (β 107.18 mmol/L; 95% CI, 44.24, 170.12; p = 0.001) compared with the placebo. Moreover, carnitine and chromium co-supplementation upregulated gene expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) (p = 0.02) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (p = 0.02) compared with the placebo. CONCLUSION: Overall, the co-administration of carnitine and chromium for 12 weeks to women with PCOS had beneficial effects on mental health parameters, serum total testosterone, mF-G scores, hs-CRP, TAC and MDA levels, and gene expression of IL-6 and TNF-α. DOI: 10.1080/0167482X.2018.1557144 PMID: 30835597