CLA (공액리놀레산)

Higher PUFA and n-3 PUFA, conjugated linoleic acid, α-tocopherol and iron, but lower iodine and selenium concentrations in organic milk: a systematic literature review and meta- and redundancy analyses.

1. Br J Nutr. 2016 Mar 28;115(6):1043-60. doi: 10.1017/S0007114516000349. Epub 2016 Feb 16. Higher PUFA and n-3 PUFA, conjugated linoleic acid, α-tocopherol and iron, but lower iodine and selenium concentrations in organic milk: a systematic literature review and meta- and redundancy analyses.

Methodology for the Pediatric Dose Optimization for Seizures in Emergency Medical Services (PediDOSE) study.

1. Trials. 2025 Dec 13;27(1):53. doi: 10.1186/s13063-025-09342-3. Methodology for the Pediatric Dose Optimization for Seizures in Emergency Medical Services (PediDOSE) study. Shah MI(1), Adelgais KM(2), Chamberlain JM(3), Wang HE(4), Morgan LA(5), Riviello JJ(6), Said RR(7), Sullivan JE(8), Ghaffari KF(9), Kothari KM(10), Saidinejad M(11), Lowe RA(12), Fowler RL(13), Counts CR(14), Morris CR(15), Studnek JR(16), Glober NK(17), Ward CE(3), Clemency BM(18), Patrick N(19), Munn RD(20), Brant-Zawadzki GM(21), Martin-Gill C(22), Nishijima DK(23), Li K(24), Sepulveda N(25), VanBuren JM(9); Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) PediDOSE Study Investigators. Author information: (1)Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA. mshah5@stanford.edu. (2)Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA. (3)Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA. (4)Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. (5)Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. (6)Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. (7)Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA. (8)Department of Neurology & Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. (9)Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. (10)Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. (11)Department of Emergency Medicine, Harbor - University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA. (12)Columbus Division of Fire, Columbus, OH, USA. (13)Division of Emergency Medical Services, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA. (14)Section of Emergency Medical Services, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. (15)Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. (16)Wake County Emergency Medical Services, Raleigh, NC, USA. (17)Department of Emergency Medicine and Indianapolis Emergency Medical Services, University of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN, USA. (18)Department of Emergency Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. (19)Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA. (20)Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. (21)Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. (22)Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. (23)Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA. (24)Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. (25)Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, USA. BACKGROUND: Seizures are one of the most common reasons for emergency medical services (EMS) activation for children, and current EMS practice results in underdosing and delayed delivery of anti-seizure medication. A prehospital evidence-based guideline recommends using intranasal or intramuscular midazolam as first-line treatment for pediatric seizures. Despite attempts to implement these guidelines, one-third of children having a paramedic-witnessed seizure have ongoing seizures on emergency department (ED) arrival; this may be due to inadequate or delayed midazolam dosing. Replacing the error-prone, sequential calculations with age-based midazolam dosing may be simpler, faster, and more effective without compromising safety. The objective of this manuscript is to describe the methodology of the Pediatric Dose Optimization for Seizures in EMS (PediDOSE) study, a clinical trial designed to compare the effectiveness and safety of an EMS protocol with four age-based categories for midazolam dosing relative to the current weight-based dosing. METHODS: We are conducting a large EMS-based stepped wedge trial in the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) by implementing midazolam dosing based on four age categories in seizure protocols in EMS systems in 20 cities. We believe that this implementation will stop more seizures before ED arrival without increasing respiratory failure rates. The primary aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of age-based EMS midazolam dosing compared to the current weight-based dosing on seizure cessation upon ED arrival. The secondary aim is to determine the frequency of respiratory failure in children after the implementation of EMS midazolam dosing based on these age categories. CONCLUSION: If this study demonstrates that an EMS patient care protocol with age-based midazolam dosing is safe and more effective than current practice, the potential impact of this study is a paradigm shift in the treatment of pediatric seizures that can be easily implemented in EMS systems across the country. Beyond seizures, the concept of age-based dosing may also be applicable to other commonly encountered pediatric prehospital conditions for which medication may be indicated. © 2025. The Author(s). DOI: 10.1186/s13063-025-09342-3 PMCID: PMC12821847 PMID: 41388551 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This human subject’s research study was approved by a single institutional review board at the University of Utah, with reliance agreements established at all participating sites, to have subjects enrolled through exception from informed consent, with subsequent notification and consent at the earliest feasible opportunity. Consent for publication: This is not applicable, since the manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form. Competing interests: Claudia R. Morris receives funds from the following entities for the following reasons: UCSF-Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland for the invention of several patents that include nutritional supplements; from Emory University School of Medicine for the invention of patents/patent applications for nutritional supplements and/or medical foods for autism/apraxia, coronaviruses, and pain; from Roche and CSL Behring for consultant fees; from TRILITY for service on the Scientific Advisory Board; from UpToDate for royalties as an editor for the sickle cell disease–fever and sickle cell disease–pain web-based references; and Food as Medicine Therapeutics, LLC, for her roles as the Founder and Executive Director. James J. Riviello’s spouse receives funds from UpToDate for her role as a section editor. Henry E. Wang receives funds from the Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians for his service as the editor in chief. The remainder of the authors (M. I. S., E. B. L., K. M. A., J. M. C., L. A. M., R. R. S., J. E. S., K. F. G., K. M. K., M. S., R. A. L., R. L. F., C. R. C., J. R. S., N. K. G., C. E. W., B. M. C., N. P., R. D. M., G. M. B. Z., C. M. G., D. K. N., K. L., N. S., J. M. V.) do not have any conflicts of interest to disclose. This information or content and conclusions are those of the authors and should not be construed as the official position or policy, nor should any endorsements be inferred by HRSA, HHS, or the US Government.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation Suppresses the De Novo Lipogenesis in Adults With High Body Fat: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

2. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2025 Dec;69(24):e70306. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.70306. Epub 2025 Oct 30. Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation Suppresses the De Novo Lipogenesis in Adults With High Body Fat: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Jia K(1), She Y(2), He Y(1), He J(1), He Y(1), Xu K(1), Ma G(1), Li W(1), He C(1), Feng X(1), Wang M(1), Tang A(1), Sun X(3), Kong L(4), Liu X(1). Author information: (1)Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. (2)Division of Food, Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China. (3)Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. (4)Department of Health Toxicology and Inspection, School of Public Health, Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. Whether conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) improves body composition by altering de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and related pathways in human remains unclear. The study aimed to investigate CLA-induced changes in DNL-derived fatty acids, and related metabolic pathways via plasma metabolome. Erythrocyte fatty acids of 65 participants with elevated body fat percentage before and after a 12-week CLA intervention were analyzed by gas chromatography. Compared with placebo, CLA supplementation decreased erythrocyte C16:1n7 and C18:1n9 while increased C18:3n3 levels (all p < 0.05). The C16:1n7 change was positively correlated with the triglycerides (TG) change, while the C18:3n3 change was negatively correlated with the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) change. The optimal metabolite panels and metabolite scores predictive of fatty acid changes were identified and generated. TG and visceral adiposity index changes were positively correlated with the metabolite scores of the C16:1n7 change and C18:1n9 change, while metabolite score of the C18:3n3 change was negatively correlated with LDL-C change. Furthermore, DNL fatty acid changes were related to KEGG pathways, including the citrate cycle and butanoate metabolism. In adults with high body fat, 12-week CLA supplementation suppressed DNL activity, associated with changes in plasma and liver lipids, involving energy metabolism pathways. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03915808. © 2025 Wiley‐VCH GmbH. DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.70306 PMID: 41169023 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

The Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on the Incidence of Diagnosed Dementia Among Healthy Older Adults-The Finnish Vitamin D Trial.

3. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2025 Jun 10;80(7):glaf077. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glaf077. The Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on the Incidence of Diagnosed Dementia Among Healthy Older Adults-The Finnish Vitamin D Trial. Lönnroos E(1), Ylilauri M(1), Lamberg-Allardt C(2), Manson JE(3)(4), Nurmi T(1), Uusitupa M(1), Voutilainen A(1), Hantunen S(1), Tuomainen TP(1), Virtanen JK(1). Author information: (1)Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. (2)Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. (3)Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. (4)Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. BACKGROUND: Some short-term vitamin D supplementation trials suggest benefits on cognitive performance, but apart from observational studies, there is little evidence whether long-term vitamin D supplementation can prevent development of dementia. We investigated whether vitamin D3 supplementation could affect the incidence of diagnosed dementia in a generally healthy population. METHODS: The study included 2 492 participants from the Finnish Vitamin D Trial, free of diagnosed dementia at baseline. They were randomized to placebo, 1 600 IU/d, or 3 200 IU/d of vitamin D3 arm for up to 5 years. Incident diagnoses of dementia were obtained from the national care registries. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants at baseline was 68.2 years and 42.8% were female. During the mean follow-up of 4.2 years, 18 participants in the placebo arm, 14 participants in the 1 600 IU/d arm (compared to placebo, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.38-1.55), and 13 participants in the 3 200 IU/d arm (HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.35-1.48) were diagnosed with dementia. Of the diagnoses, 29 were Alzheimer's disease, without statistically significant differences in the event rates between the 3 arms. Age, sex, or body mass index did not modify the effects. In the subgroup of 550 participants, the mean baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was 74.8 nmol/L. After 12 months, the mean concentrations were 73.0, 99.7, and 120.4 nmol/L in the placebo, 1 600 IU/d, and 3 200 IU/d arms, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Five-year, medium-dose or high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation did not affect the dementia incidence in this largely vitamin D-sufficient older population. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01463813, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01463813. © The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Gerontological Society of America. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaf077 PMCID: PMC12149738 PMID: 40243375 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: J.K.V. reports receiving travel support to vitamin D research meetings from Abiogen Pharma. C.L.-A. reports involvement in the Nordic Nutrition recommendations 2023 as a member of the Systematic Review Centre, and in European Food Safety Authority, procurement, preparatory work for the update of the tolerable upper intake levels for vitamin D, 2023. J.E.M. reports receiving grants from the National Institutes of Health during the conduct of the study, and grants from the National Institutes of Health and from Mars Edge outside the submitted work. M.U. reports receiving a grant from Orion Corp., outside the submitted work. The other authors declare no conflict.

The effect of vitamin D(3) supplementation on the incidence of type 2 diabetes in healthy older adults not at high risk for diabetes (FIND): a randomised controlled trial.

4. Diabetologia. 2025 Apr;68(4):715-726. doi: 10.1007/s00125-024-06336-9. Epub 2024 Dec 2. The effect of vitamin D(3) supplementation on the incidence of type 2 diabetes in healthy older adults not at high risk for diabetes (FIND): a randomised controlled trial. Virtanen JK(1), Hantunen S(2), Kallio N(3), Lamberg-Allardt C(4), Manson JE(5)(6), Nurmi T(2), Pihlajamäki J(2), Uusitupa M(2), Voutilainen A(2), Tuomainen TP(2). Author information: (1)University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio, Finland. jyrki.virtanen@uef.fi. (2)University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio, Finland. (3)University of Eastern Finland, School of Pharmacy, Kuopio, Finland. (4)University of Helsinki, Department of Food and Nutrition, Helsinki, Finland. (5)Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. (6)Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes, but evidence from randomised trials on the benefits of vitamin D supplementation is limited, especially for average-risk populations. The Finnish Vitamin D Trial (FIND) investigated the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation at two different doses on the incidence of type 2 diabetes in a generally healthy older adult population. METHODS: FIND was a 5 year randomised placebo-controlled, parallel-arm trial among 2271 male and female participants aged ≥60 years and ≥65 years, respectively, from a general Finnish population who were free of CVD or cancer and did not use diabetes medications. The study had three arms: placebo, 1600 IU/day of vitamin D3 or 3200 IU/day of vitamin D3. A non-study group statistician carried out sex-stratified simple randomisation in a 1:1:1 ratio, based on computerised random number generation. The participants, investigators and study staff were masked to group assignment. National health registries were used to collect event data. A representative subcohort of 505 participants had more detailed in-person investigations at months 0, 6, 12 and 24. RESULTS: During the mean follow-up of 4.2 years, there were 38 (5.0%), 31 (4.2%) and 36 (4.7%) type 2 diabetes events in the placebo (n=760), 1600 IU/day vitamin D3 (n=744; vs placebo: HR 0.81; 95% CI 0.50, 1.30) and 3200 IU/day vitamin D3 (n=767; vs placebo: HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.58, 1.45) arms, respectively (p-trend=0.73). When the two vitamin D3 arms were combined and compared with the placebo arm, the HR was 0.86 (95% CI 0.58, 1.29). In the analyses stratified by BMI (<25 kg/m2 [n=813, number of type 2 diabetes events=12], 25-30 kg/m2 [n=1032, number of events=38], ≥30 kg/m2 [n=422, number of events=54]), the HRs in the combined vitamin D3 arms vs the placebo were 0.43 (95% CI 0.14, 1.34), 0.97 (0.50, 1.91) and 1.00 (0.57, 1.75), respectively (p-interaction <0.001). In the subcohort, the mean (SD) baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) concentration was 74.5 (18.1) nmol/l. After 12 months, the concentrations were 72.6 (17.7), 99.3 (20.8) and 120.9 (22.1) nmol/l in the placebo, 1600 IU/day vitamin D3 and 3200 IU/day vitamin D3 arms, respectively. In the subcohort, no differences were observed in changes in plasma glucose or insulin concentrations, BMI or waist circumference during the 24 month follow-up (p values ≥0.19). CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION: Among generally healthy older adults who are not at high risk for diabetes and who have serum 25(OH)D3 levels that are sufficient for bone health, vitamin D3 supplementation did not significantly reduce the risk of developing diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01463813. © 2024. The Author(s). DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06336-9 PMCID: PMC11950068 PMID: 39621103 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Data availability: The data are not openly available because they contain sensitive personal information relating to the participants that cannot be completely anonymised. However, the analytical code used for the current study can be made available on reasonable request, and the data are open for potential research collaboration by contacting the corresponding author. Funding: Open access funding provided by University of Eastern Finland (including Kuopio University Hospital). This study was supported by funding from the Academy of Finland (#137826), University of Eastern Finland, Juho Vainio Foundation, Medicinska Understödsföreningen Liv och Hälsa, Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research, Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation and Finnish Cultural Foundation. The study funders were not involved in the design of the study, the collection, analysis and interpretation of data or writing of the report, and did not impose any restrictions regarding the publication of the report. The authors are solely responsible for the design and conduct of this study, all study analyses, the drafting and editing of the paper and its final contents. Authors’ relationships and activities: JKV reports receiving travel support to attend vitamin D research meetings from Abiogen Pharma. CL-A reports involvement in the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 as a member of the Systematic Review Centre, and in European Food Safety Authority procurement and preparatory work for the 2023 update of the tolerable upper intake levels for vitamin D. JEM reports receiving grants from the National Institutes of Health during the conduct of the study, and grants from the National Institutes of Health and from Mars Edge outside the submitted work. MU reports receiving a grant from Orion outside the submitted work. The authors declare that there are no other relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work. Contribution statement: JKV, SH and T-PT designed the research with help from CL-A, JEM, TN and MU. JKV, SH, NK, TN, JP and T-PT conducted the research. JKV and AV carried out the statistical analysis and had full access to all the data and take responsibility for the integrity of the work as a whole and the accuracy of the data analysis. JKV drafted the manuscript. All authors interpreted the study results and provided critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content and approved the final manuscript.

The effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.

5. Br J Nutr. 2024 Oct 14;132(7):919-934. doi: 10.1017/S0007114524001065. Epub 2024 Oct 23. The effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Esmaeilnejad M(1), Rasaei N(2), Goudarzi K(3), Behrouz Dehkordi Z(4), Dolatshahi S(3), Salehi Omran H(3), Amirani N(5), Ashtary-Larky D(6), Shimi G(7), Asbaghi O(8)(9). Author information: (1)Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, Justus Liebig University, 35392Giessen, Germany. (2)Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran. (3)Faculty of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran. (4)Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. (5)Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. (6)Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. (7)Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1981619573Tehran, Iran. (8)Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. (9)Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The present systematic review and meta-analysis sought to evaluate the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in patients at risk of CVD. Relevant studies were obtained by searching the PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases (from inception to January 2023). Weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% CI were pooled using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis and publication bias were reported using standard methods. A pooled analysis of 14 randomised controlled trials (RCT) with 17 effect sizes revealed that CLA supplementation led to significant reductions in body weight (WMD: -0·72 kg, 95% CI: -1·11, -0·33, P < 0·001), BMI (WMD: -0·22 kg/m2, 95% CI: -0·44, -0·00, P = 0·037) and body fat percentage (BFP) (WMD: -1·32 %, 95% CI: -2·24, -0·40, P = 0·005). However, there was no effect on lipid profile and blood pressure in comparison with the control group. In conclusion, CLA supplementation may yield a small but significant beneficial effect on anthropometric indices in patients at risk of CVD. Moreover, CLA seems not to have adverse effects on lipid profiles and blood pressure in patients at risk of CVD. It should be noted that the favourable effects of CLA supplementation on anthropometric variables were small and may not reach clinical importance. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114524001065 PMID: 39439191 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

The Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation on Densitometric Parameters in Overweight and Obese Women-A Randomised Controlled Trial.

6. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023 Sep 21;59(9):1690. doi: 10.3390/medicina59091690. The Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation on Densitometric Parameters in Overweight and Obese Women-A Randomised Controlled Trial. Jamka M(1), Czochralska-Duszyńska A(2), Mądry E(2), Lisowska A(3), Jończyk-Potoczna K(4), Cielecka-Piontek J(5), Bogdański P(6), Walkowiak J(1). Author information: (1)Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna Str. 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland. (2)Department of Physiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego Str. 6, 61-781 Poznań, Poland. (3)Department of Pediatric Diabetes, Auxology and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna Str. 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland. (4)Department of Pediatric Radiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna Str. 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland. (5)Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka Str. 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland. (6)Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego Str. 84, 60-569 Poznań, Poland. Background and Objectives: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) can improve bone health in animals, yet the effects on humans have not been consistent. Therefore, this parallel randomised controlled trial aimed to assess the effect of CLA supplementation on bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) in overweight or obese women. Materials and Methods: The study population included 74 women who were divided into the CLA (n = 37) and control (n = 37) groups. The CLA group received six capsules per day containing approximately 3 g of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomers in a 50:50 ratio. The control group received the same number of placebo capsules that contained sunflower oil. BMC and BMD at total body, lumbar spine (L1-L4), and femoral neck were measured before and after a three-month intervention. Results: The comparison of BMC and BMD for the total body, lumbar spine (L1-L4), and femoral neck before and after the intervention showed no differences between the groups. However, a within-group analysis demonstrated a significant increase in BMC (p = 0.0100) and BMD (p = 0.0397) at lumbar spine (L1-L4) in the CLA group. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences between the CLA and placebo groups in changes in all analysed densitometric parameters. Conclusions: Altogether, three-month CLA supplementation in overweight and obese women did not improve bone health, although the short intervention period could have limited our findings, long-term intervention studies are needed. The study protocol was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register database (ID: DRKS00010462, date of registration: 4 May 2016). DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091690 PMCID: PMC10537680 PMID: 37763810 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest related to the study. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

The effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid intake on oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant enzymes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

7. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2022 Dec;163:106666. doi: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106666. Epub 2022 Jul 29. The effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid intake on oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant enzymes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Morvaridzadeh M(1), Estêvão MD(2), Morvaridi M(3), Belančić A(4), Mohammadi S(5), Hassani M(6), Heshmati J(7), Ziaei S(8). Author information: (1)Songhor Healthcare Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Electronic address: morvaridzadeh.nut70@gmail.com. (2)Universidade do Algarve, Escola Superior de Saúde, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal. Electronic address: mestevao@ualg.pt. (3)Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: mehrnaz.morvaridi@gmail.com. (4)Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia. Electronic address: a.belancic93@gmail.com. (5)Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: shooka.mohammadi@gmail.com. (6)Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran. (7)Songhor Healthcare Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. (8)ICU Department, Emam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Electronic address: somaye.ziaie@kums.ac.ir. Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) are thought to pose beneficial effects on inflammatory responses and oxidative stress (OS). Thus, the present systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to assess the net effects of CLA supplementation on various OS parameters and antioxidant enzymes. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for publications on CLA supplementation effects on OS parameters up to March 2021. The data extracted from eligible studies were expressed as standardized mean difference with 95% confidence intervals and then combined into meta-analysis using the random-effects model. Overall, 11 RCTs (enrolling 586 participants) met the inclusion criteria and were included in meta-analysis; however, since those trials evaluated different OS parameters, meta-analysis was carried out considering different sets for each parameter separately. According to our results, CLA supplementation significantly increases 8-iso-PGF2α urinary concentration (SMD: 2; 95% CI: 0.74, 3.27; I2 = 87.7%). On contrary, the intervention does not seem to change 15-keto-dihydro-PGF2α urinary concentration, nor the serum levels of CAT, SOD, GPx and MDA. Taken all together, CLA supplementation does not appear to have substantial effects on OS markers in general; albeit due to relatively small sample size and high level of heterogeneity between studies, the obtained findings should be interpreted with caution. Further large well-designed RCTs, investigating the impact of CLA and including various groups of patients, are still needed. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106666 PMID: 35914666 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Competing interests All authors have no conflict of interests to declare.

Metabolomic Changes Upon Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation and Predictions of Body Composition Responsiveness.

8. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Aug 18;107(9):2606-2615. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgac367. Metabolomic Changes Upon Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation and Predictions of Body Composition Responsiveness. He Y(1), Xu K(1), Li Y(1), Chang H(2), Liao X(3), Yu H(4), Tian T(5), Li C(1), Shen Y(1), Wu Q(1), Liu X(1), Shi L(6)(7). Author information: (1)Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China. (2)Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, 710032China. (3)Department of Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China. (4)Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China. (5)Department of Nutrition, Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, 710016, China. (6)School of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China. (7)Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE-412 96, Sweden. CONTEXT: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) may optimize body composition, yet mechanisms underlining its benefits are not clear in humans. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to reveal the CLA-induced changes in the plasma metabolome associated with body composition improvement and the predictive performance of baseline metabolome on intervention responsiveness. METHODS: Plasma metabolome from overnight fasted samples at pre- and post-intervention of 65 participants in a 12-week randomized, placebo-controlled trial (3.2 g/day CLA vs 3.2 g/day sunflower oil) were analyzed using untargeted LC-MS metabolomics. Mixed linear model and machine learning were applied to assess differential metabolites between treatments, and to identify optimal panel (based on baseline conventional variables vs metabolites) predicting responders of CLA-derived body composition improvement (increased muscle variables or decreased adiposity variables) based on dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Compared with placebo, CLA altered 57 metabolites (P < 0.10) enriched in lipids/lipid-like molecules including glycerophospholipids (n = 7), fatty acyls (n = 6), and sphingolipids (n = 3). CLA-upregulated cholic acid (or downregulated aminopyrrolnitrin) was inversely correlated with changes in muscle and adiposity variables. Inter-individual variability in response to CLA-derived body composition change. The areas under the curves of optimal metabolite panels were higher than those of optimal conventional panels in predicting favorable response of waist circumference (0.93 [0.82-1.00] vs 0.64 [0.43-0.85]), visceral adiposity index (0.95 [0.88-1.00] vs 0.58 [0.35-0.80]), total fat mass (0.94 [0.86-1.00] vs 0.69 [0.51-0.88]) and appendicular fat mass (0.97 [0.92-1.00] vs 0.73 [0.55-0.91]) upon CLA supplementation (all FDR P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Post-intervention metabolite alterations were identified, involving in lipid/energy metabolism, associated with body composition changes. Baseline metabolite profiling enhanced the prediction accuracy for responsiveness of CLA-induced body composition benefits. © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac367 PMID: 35704027 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

The effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on oxidative stress markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

9. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2022 Jun;49:121-128. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.04.004. Epub 2022 Apr 14. The effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on oxidative stress markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Suksatan W(1), Putera HD(2), Abdulkadhim AH(3), Hammid AT(4), Ismailov JA(5), Jannat B(6), Parvizi R(7), Izadi F(8). Author information: (1)Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand. (2)Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. (3)Department of Computer Engineering, Technical Engineering College, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq. (4)Computer Engineering Techniques Department, Faculty of Information Technology, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq. (5)Department of DKTF Internal Medicine, Samarkand State Medical Institute, Amir Temur Street 18, Samarkand, Uzbekistan; Department of Scientific Affairs, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Makhtumkuli Street 103, Tashkent, 100047, Uzbekistan. (6)Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran. (7)Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: rezayatp@gmail.com. (8)Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Electronic address: fatemeh.izadi1993@yahoo.com. BACKGROUND & AIMS: Recent trial studies have found that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation beneficially reduces oxidative stress markers but, there is no definitive consensus on this context. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of CLA supplementation on oxidative stress parameters. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases until September 2021 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing CLA supplementation effects on oxidative markers including malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-isoprostanesF2α (8-iso-PGF2α), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Summary estimates and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were derived via the DerSimonian and Laird method using a random-effects model. RESULTS: A total of 11 RCTs were included. The obtained results show that CLA supplementation caused a significant decrease in MDA concentrations (Hedges's: -0.35; 95% CI: -0.70 to -0.01, P = 0.04, I2 = 62.1%, n = 7), and also significantly increased 8-iso-PGF2α levels (Hedges's: 1.45; 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.91, P˂0.001, I2 = 42.9%, n = 4). However, the results showed that supplementation with CLA did not significantly change the concentrations of GPx (Hedges's: 0.30; 95% CI: -0.04 to 0.64, P = 0.08, I2 = 0.0%, n = 3). CONCLUSION: It seems this supplement can be used as a dietary supplement to improve oxidative stress parameters. However, further studies are required to demonstrate present results. Copyright © 2022 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.04.004 PMID: 35623803 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Writing up your clinical trial report for a scientific journal: the REPORT trial guide for effective and transparent research reporting without spin.

10. Br J Sports Med. 2022 Jun;56(12):683-691. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-105058. Epub 2022 Feb 22. Writing up your clinical trial report for a scientific journal: the REPORT trial guide for effective and transparent research reporting without spin. Bandholm T(1)(2)(3)(4), Thorborg K(2)(4)(5), Ardern CL(6)(7)(8), Christensen R(9)(10), Henriksen M(9). Author information: (1)Department of Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark thomas.quaade.bandholm@regionh.dk. (2)Department of Occupational and Physical Therapy, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Research - Copenhagen (PMR-C), Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark. (3)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark. (4)Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. (5)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sports Orthopedic Research Center - Copenhagen (SORC-C), Amager-Hvidovre Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark. (6)Musculoskeletal & Sports Injury Epidemiology Centre, Department of Health Promotion Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden. (7)Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. (8)Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. (9)The Parker Institute, Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark. (10)Department of Clinical Research, Research Unit of Rheumatology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. The REPORT guide is a 'How to' guide to help you report your clinical research in an effective and transparent way. It is intended to supplement established first choice reporting tools, such as Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT), by adding tacit knowledge (ie, learnt, informal or implicit knowledge) about reporting topics that we have struggled with as authors or see others struggle with as journal reviewers or editors. We focus on the randomised controlled trial, but the guide also applies to other study designs. Topics included in the REPORT guide cover reporting checklists, trial report structure, choice of title, writing style, trial registry and reporting consistency, spin or reporting bias, transparent data presentation (figures), open access considerations, data sharing and more. Preprint (open access): https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/qsxdz. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-105058 PMCID: PMC9163716 PMID: 35193854 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Competing interests: CLA was Deputy Editor (Systematic Reviews) for BJSM from 2016 to 2018 and is currently the Editor-in-Chief for JOSPT. TB and KT are BJSM editorial board members.

Beneficial effects of a nano formulation of pomegranate seed oil, GranaGard, on the cognitive function of multiple sclerosis patients.

11. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2021 Sep;54:103103. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103103. Epub 2021 Jun 27. Beneficial effects of a nano formulation of pomegranate seed oil, GranaGard, on the cognitive function of multiple sclerosis patients. Petrou P(1), Ginzberg A(1), Binyamin O(1), Karussis D(2). Author information: (1)Multiple sclerosis Center and cell therapies Unit, Unit and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and The Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem. (2)Multiple sclerosis Center and cell therapies Unit, Unit and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and The Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem. Electronic address: dimitriosk@ekmd.huji.ac.il. BACKGROUND: Though often neglected, cognitive impairment is a common feature of multiple sclerosis in 43-70% of patients. None of the novel MS treatment seems to substantially affect or restore cognitive disability in MS. GranaGard (Granalix Bio Technologies LTD) is a food supplement shown to prevent neuronal death in several animal models of neurological diseases. Capsules of GranaGard comprise a self-emulsion nano formulation of pomegranate seed oil (PSO). This oil contains 80-90% of Punicic Acid (PA), one of the strongest natural antioxidants. In animal experiments, administration of GranaGard results in conjugation with linoleic acid (CLA), the main metabolite of PA, which is a well-known neuroprotective agent. AIMS: To investigate whether GranaGard administration has an effect on the cognitive state of MS patients. METHODS: This is a single center, randomized double blind clinical trial that started in May 2018. The study included 30 MS patients; half of them (Group-A) were given GranaGard for the first three months and then placebo pills containing soybean oil for additional three months. Patients in Group-B received placebo for the first three months, and GranaGard for the following three months. GranaGard was administrated in addition to their immunomodulatory MS-treatments. Subsequently, all patients received GranaGard for additional six months. Patients were required to visit the neurologist at baseline (inclusion, visit 1) and at 3 months after treatment-initiation at each cycle of the trial (visits 2 and 3). During the follow up visits, clinical and cognitive examinations were performed, including Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC: 25 ft walking test, 9 PEG hole test & PASAT). Cognitive tests included The Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) battery: 1) Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT); 2) California Verbal Learning Test - Second Edition (CVLT-II); 3) and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test - Revised (BVMT-R). Cognitive outcomes were normalized to the healthy population and expressed as z-scores, depended on age, gender and education. Short quality of life and fatigue questionnaires (SF-12, MFIS-5) were also provided by the participants. RESULTS: No serious adverse effects, related to the product, were observed during the study period. All patients receiving GranaGard reported a ''positive'' effect in their ADL while using the product. While there were no significant differences in the clinical parameters of disability (EDSS scores) between the treatment groups, there was a trend of beneficial effect of GranaGard, on the verbal testing during the first 3-month period of treatment. The z score for CVLT-II, significantly increased (from 0.891 to 1.415, p = 0.012, Wilcoxon rank test) at 3-months in the group of patients who were treated with GranaGard, as compared to baseline. A similar (but not statistically significant) trend was seen also in the BVMTr testing during the same 3 months-period, whereas there was no change in the SDMT. The overall average z-score of all three cognitive functions was significantly improved in the three months of Granagard treatment (-0.0077 at 3 months vs 0.462 at baseline, p = 0.034, Wilcoxon rank test). During the same 3-months period there were no significant changes in the placebo-treated group. For the patients receiving GranaGard in the initial 3 months, the value of z score of CVLT-II remained high (z = 1.415) also at the following three months (while they received placebo), suggesting a longer lasting effect for at least 3 months after discontinuation of the drug. CONCLUSION: This is the first study in which GranaGard, a brain targeted nano-formulation of PSO, was tested in humans. Our results in this small pilot, controlled trial provide indications that GranaGard administration to MS patients might improve/stabilize cognitive disability. Larger studies with longer duration, are needed to confirm these initial observations. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103103 PMID: 34243101 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Prebiotic dietary fibre intervention improves fecal markers related to inflammation in obese patients: results from the Food4Gut randomized placebo-controlled trial.

12. Eur J Nutr. 2021 Sep;60(6):3159-3170. doi: 10.1007/s00394-021-02484-5. Epub 2021 Feb 5. Prebiotic dietary fibre intervention improves fecal markers related to inflammation in obese patients: results from the Food4Gut randomized placebo-controlled trial. Neyrinck AM(#)(1), Rodriguez J(#)(1), Zhang Z(2), Seethaler B(3), Sánchez CR(1), Roumain M(4), Hiel S(1), Bindels LB(1), Cani PD(1)(5), Paquot N(6), Cnop M(7)(8), Nazare JA(9), Laville M(9), Muccioli GG(4), Bischoff SC(3), Walter J(2)(10), Thissen JP(11), Delzenne NM(12). Author information: (1)Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, avenue E. Mounier box B1.73.11, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium. (2)Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. (3)Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Hohenheim, Germany. (4)Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. (5)WELBIO- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. (6)Laboratory of Diabetology, Nutrition and Metabolic Disease, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium. (7)ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. (8)Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. (9)Rhône-Alpes Research Center for Human Nutrition, Université-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France. (10)Department of Medicine, and School of Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. (11)Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. (12)Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, avenue E. Mounier box B1.73.11, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium. nathalie.delzenne@uclouvain.be. (#)Contributed equally PURPOSE: Inulin-type fructans (ITF) are prebiotic dietary fibre (DF) that may confer beneficial health effects, by interacting with the gut microbiota. We have tested the hypothesis that a dietary intervention promoting inulin intake versus placebo influences fecal microbial-derived metabolites and markers related to gut integrity and inflammation in obese patients. METHODS: Microbiota (16S rRNA sequencing), long- and short-chain fatty acids (LCFA, SCFA), bile acids, zonulin, and calprotectin were analyzed in fecal samples obtained from obese patients included in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Participants received either 16 g/d native inulin (prebiotic n = 12) versus maltodextrin (placebo n = 12), coupled to dietary advice to consume inulin-rich versus inulin-poor vegetables for 3 months, in addition to dietary caloric restriction. RESULTS: Both placebo and prebiotic interventions lowered energy and protein intake. A substantial increase in Bifidobacterium was detected after ITF treatment (q = 0.049) supporting our recent data obtained in a larger cohort. Interestingly, fecal calprotectin, a marker of gut inflammation, was reduced upon ITF treatment. Both prebiotic and placebo interventions increased the ratio of tauro-conjugated/free bile acids in feces. Prebiotic treatment did not significantly modify fecal SCFA content but it increased fecal rumenic acid, a conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9, trans-11 CLA) with immunomodulatory properties, that correlated notably to the expansion of Bifidobacterium (p = 0.031; r = 0.052). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that ITF-prebiotic intake during 3 months decreases a fecal marker of intestinal inflammation in obese patients. Our data point to a potential contribution of microbial lipid-derived metabolites in gastro-intestinal dysfunction related to obesity. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT03852069 (February 22, 2019 retrospectively, registered). © 2021. The Author(s). DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02484-5 PMCID: PMC8354918 PMID: 33544206 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors disclose no conflict of interest.

Characterization of raft microdomains in bovine mammary tissue during lactation: How they are modulated by fatty acid treatments.

13. J Dairy Sci. 2021 Feb;104(2):2384-2395. doi: 10.3168/jds.2020-19267. Epub 2020 Nov 25. Characterization of raft microdomains in bovine mammary tissue during lactation: How they are modulated by fatty acid treatments. Taga H(1), Dallaire MP(1), Gervais R(1), Richard FJ(1), Ma L(2), Corl BA(2), Chouinard PY(3). Author information: (1)Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6 Canada. (2)Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061. (3)Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6 Canada. Electronic address: Yvan.Chouinard@fsaa.ulaval.ca. The objective of the current study was first to characterize lipid raft microdomains isolated as detergent-resistant membranes (DRM) from mammary gland tissue, and second to determine how dietary fatty acids (FA) such as conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), 19:1 cyclo, and long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated FA affect lipid raft markers of mammary cells, and to finally establish relationships between these markers and lactation performance in dairy cows. Eight Holstein cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with periods of 28 d. For the first 14 d, cows received daily an abomasal infusion of (1) 406 g of a saturated FA supplement (112 g of 16:0 + 230 g of 18:0) used as a control; (2) 36 g of a CLA supplement (13.9 g of trans-10,cis-12 18:2) + 370 g of saturated FA; (3) 7 g of Sterculia fetida oil (3.1 g of 19:1 cyclo, STO) + 399 g of saturated FA; or (4) 406 g of fish oil (55.2 g of cis-5,cis-8,cis-11,cis-14,cis-17 20:5 + 59.3 g of cis-4,cis-7,cis-10,cis-13,cis-16,cis-19 22:6, FO). Mammary biopsies were harvested on d 14 of each infusion period and were followed by a 14-d washout interval. Cholera toxin subunit B, which specifically binds to ganglioside M-1 (GM-1), a lipid raft marker, was used to assess its distribution in DRM. Infusions of CLA, STO, and FO were individually compared with the control, and significance was declared at P ≤ 0.05. Milk fat yield was decreased with CLA and FO, but was not affected by STO. Milk lactose yield was decreased with CLA and STO, but was not affected by FO. Mammary tissue shows a strong GM-1-signal enrichment in isolated DRM from mammary gland tissue. Caveolin (CAV) and flotillin (FLOT) are 2 proteins considered as lipid raft markers and they are present in DRM from mammary gland tissue. Distributions of GM-1, CAV-1, and FLOT-1 showed an effect of treatments determined by their subcellular distributions in sucrose gradient fractions. Regardless of treatments, data showed positive relationships between the yield of milk fat, protein, and lactose, and the abundance GM-1 in DRM fraction. Milk protein yield was positively correlated with relative proportion of FLOT-1 in the soluble fraction, whereas lactose yield was positively correlated with relative proportion of CAV-1 in the DRM fractions. Infusion of CLA decreased mRNA abundance of CAV-1, FLOT-1, and FLOT-2. Regardless of treatments, a positive relationship was observed between fat yield and mRNA abundance of FLOT-2. In conclusion, although limited to a few markers, results of the current experiment raised potential links between variation in specific biologically active component of raft microdomains in bovine mammary gland and lactation performances in dairy cows. Copyright © 2021 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19267 PMID: 33246605 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Effects of a combined essential fatty acid and conjugated linoleic acid abomasal infusion on metabolic and endocrine traits, including the somatotropic axis, in dairy cows.

14. J Dairy Sci. 2020 Dec;103(12):12069-12082. doi: 10.3168/jds.2020-18569. Epub 2020 Sep 25. Effects of a combined essential fatty acid and conjugated linoleic acid abomasal infusion on metabolic and endocrine traits, including the somatotropic axis, in dairy cows. Haubold S(1), Kröger-Koch C(1), Tuchscherer A(2), Kanitz E(3), Weitzel JM(4), Hoeflich A(5), Starke A(6), Tröscher A(7), Sauerwein H(8), Hammon HM(9). Author information: (1)Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany. (2)Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany. (3)Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany. (4)Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany. (5)Institute of Genome Biology of Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany. (6)Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. (7)BASF SE, 68623 Lampertheim, Germany. (8)Institute of Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany. (9)Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany. Electronic address: hammon@fbn-dummerstorf.de. The objective of this study was to test the effects of essential fatty acids (EFA), particularly α-linolenic acid (ALA), and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on metabolic and endocrine traits related to energy metabolism, including the somatotropic axis, in mid-lactation dairy cows. Four cows (126 ± 4 d in milk) were used in a dose-escalation study design and were abomasally infused with coconut oil (CTRL; 38.3 g/d; providing saturated fatty acids), linseed and safflower oils (EFA; 39.1 and 1.6 g/d; n-6:n-3 FA ratio = 1:3), Lutalin (CLA; cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 CLA, 4.6 g/d of each), or EFA and CLA (EFA+CLA) for 6 wk. The initial dosage was doubled twice after 2 wk, resulting in 3 dosages (dosages 1, 2, and 3). Each cow received each fat treatment at different times. Cows were fed with a corn silage-based total mixed ration providing a low-fat content and a high n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio. Plasma concentrations of metabolites and hormones (insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins only on wk 0 and 6) were analyzed at wk 0, 2, 4, and 6 of each treatment period. Liver biopsies were taken before starting the trial and at wk 6 of each treatment period to measure hepatic mRNA abundance of genes linked to glucose, cholesterol and lipid metabolism, and the somatotropic axis. The changes in the milk and blood fatty acid patterns and lactation performance of these cows have already been published in a companion paper. The plasma concentration of total cholesterol increased with dosage in all groups, except CLA, reaching the highest levels in EFA+CLA and CTRL compared with CLA. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol plasma concentration increased in CTRL and was higher than that in EFA and CLA, whereas the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in a dose-dependent manner in EFA and EFA+CLA, and was higher than that in CLA. Hepatic mRNA expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA synthase 1 was upregulated in all groups but was highest in EFA+CLA. Expression of sterol regulatory element-binding factor 1 tended to be lowest due to EFA treatment, whereas expression of long chain acyl-CoA-synthetase was lower in EFA than in CTRL. Hepatic mRNA expression of GHR1A tended to be higher in EFA+CLA than in CTRL. The plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor I increased in CLA, and the plasma IGFBP-2 concentration was lower in EFA+CLA than in CTRL at wk 6. The plasma concentration of adiponectin decreased in EFA+CLA up to dosage 2. Plasma concentrations of albumin and urea were lower in CLA than in CTRL throughout the experimental period. Supplementation with EFA and CLA affected cholesterol and lipid metabolism and their regulation differently, indicating distinct stimulation after the combined EFA and CLA treatment. The decreased IGFBP-2 plasma concentration and upregulated hepatic mRNA abundance of GHR1A in EFA+CLA-supplemented cows indicated the beneficial effect of the combined EFA and CLA treatment on the somatotropic axis in mid-lactation dairy cows. Moreover, supplementation with CLA might affect protein metabolism in dairy cows. Copyright © 2020 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18569 PMID: 32981718 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

No independent or combined effects of vitamin D and conjugated linoleic acids on muscle protein synthesis in older adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

15. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020 Nov 11;112(5):1382-1389. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa240. No independent or combined effects of vitamin D and conjugated linoleic acids on muscle protein synthesis in older adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. van Vliet S(1), Fappi A(1), Reeds DN(1), Mittendorfer B(1). Author information: (1)Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA. BACKGROUND: Aging is associated with skeletal muscle anabolic resistance (i.e., reduced muscle protein synthesis during anabolic conditions such as hyperaminoacidemia). The results from studies conducted in cell culture systems and animals suggest that both vitamin D and conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) stimulate muscle protein synthesis. OBJECTIVES: To conduct a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to determine the independent and combined effects of dietary vitamin D and CLA supplementation on myofibrillar protein synthesis rates in sedentary older adults. METHODS: Thirty-two sedentary, older adults were randomized to receive either: 1) 2000 IU vitamin D-3 (Vit D) per day; 2) 4000 mg CLA per day; 3) both Vit D (2000 IU/d) and CLA (4000 mg/d); or 4) placebo for 8 wk. Myofibrillar protein synthesis rates were evaluated by using intravenous [ring-2H5]phenylalanine infusion in conjunction with muscle biopsies during basal, postabsorptive conditions and during combined amino acid and insulin infusion before and after the supplementation period. RESULTS: Before the intervention, basal myofibrillar protein synthesis rates were not different among groups (Placebo: 0.033 ± 0.003; Vit D: 0.034 ± 0.002; CLA: 0.029 ± 0.005; Vit D + CLA: 0.038 ± 0.005 %·h-1), and hyperinsulinemia-hyperaminoacidemia increased myofibrillar protein synthesis rates by ∼35%. Compared with placebo, neither Vit D nor CLA nor combined Vit D + CLA supplementation affected the basal myofibrillar protein synthesis rates (placebo: 0.040 ± 0.004%/h; Vit D: 0.044 ± 0.006%/h; CLA: 0.039 ± 0.006%/h; Vit D + CLA: 0.040 ± 0.007%/h) or the hyperinsulinemia-hyperaminoacidemia-induced increase in myofibrillar protein synthesis (percentage increase from basal before and after the interventions: placebo, 30 ± 11 and 36 ± 11; Vit D, 38 ± 8 and 34 ± 10; CLA, 50 ± 14 and 51 ± 16; Vit D + CLA, 29 ± 15 and 35 ± 8). CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D and/or CLA supplementation, at the doses provided in our study, does not have muscle anabolic effects in sedentary older adults.The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03115775). Copyright © The Author(s) on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition 2020. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa240 PMCID: PMC7657331 PMID: 32860399 [Indexed for MEDLINE]