DHA
DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid)
📚 관련 논문 (21편)
1. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Nov 29;11(11):CD012348. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012348.pub2. Video feedback for parental sensitivity and attachment security in children under five years. O'Hara L(1), Smith ER(2), Barlow J(3), Livingstone N(4), Herath NI(2), Wei Y(5), Spreckelsen TF(6), Macd
2. J Neurosurg. 2015 Mar;122(3):547-56. doi: 10.3171/2014.10.JNS14759. Epub 2014 Dec 19. Enhanced anticancer properties of lomustine in conjunction with docosahexaenoic acid in glioblastoma cell lines. Harvey KA(1), Xu Z, Saaddatzadeh MR, Wang H, Pollok K, Cohen-Gadol AA, Siddiqui RA. Author i
3. J Med Life. 2026 Feb;19(2):69-88. doi: 10.25122/jml-2026-0009. Epigenetic alterations in preeclampsia: a systematic review of current mechanisms and biomarker potential. Crețu OE(1), Poalelungi CV(1)(2), Neacșu AV(1)(2), Nenciu A(1)(2), Ceaușu I(1)(2). Author information: (1)University of Me
4. Clin Nutr. 2025 Dec;55:223-230. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2025.11.013. Epub 2025 Nov 21. Does parenteral Omega-3 fatty acid administration increase the risk of atrial fibrillation? An analysis of the current evidence. Hartl WH(1), Meybohm P(2), Pirlich M(3), Mayer K(4), Elke G(5), Stoppe C(6), von
5. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2021 Oct;15(10):1355-1365. doi: 10.1080/17476348.2021.1924681. Epub 2021 Jun 8. Redox signaling and antioxidant therapies in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bo L(1)(2), Jin F(3), Ma Z(1), Li C(1). Author information: (1)Depar
6. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2017 Mar 6;74:43-56. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.11.007. Epub 2016 Dec 8. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and suicide risk in mood disorders: A systematic review. Pompili M(1), Longo L(2), Dominici G(2), Serafini G(3), Lamis DA(4), Sarris J(5), Amore M(3)
1. Nutrients. 2026 Apr 9;18(8):1178. doi: 10.3390/nu18081178. DHA: Nutritional Programming During the First 1000 Days of Life. Sollena LM(1), Carta M(2), Insinga V(2), Gabriele B(2), Notarbartolo V(2), Sortino C(1), Giuffrè M(1)(2). Author information: (1)Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy. (2)Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone", 90127 Palermo, Italy. BACKGROUND: The first 1000 days of life, from conception to 2 years of age, represent a critical window during which nutrition can exert long-lasting effects on neurodevelopment, immune maturation, and susceptibility to prematurity-related morbidity. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a key structural n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid of the brain and retina, characterized by rapid fetal accretion during the third trimester. METHODS: We conducted a narrative review of studies published from March 2015 up to December 2025, including randomized controlled trials, follow-up studies, and systematic reviews/meta-analyses about DHA supplementation during pregnancy, lactation, infancy and early childhood, and its role on development. RESULTS: Across the first 1000 days, DHA supplementation improves biochemical DHA status, particularly in populations with low baseline levels (moderate to high level of evidence), while clinical outcomes remain heterogeneous. During pregnancy, some benefits in specific cognitive and behavioral domains have been demonstrated, whereas effects on global cognition and long-term behavior are frequently null (moderate evidence). Visual outcomes appear favorable, with improvements in visual acuity (moderate evidence). In preterm infants, enteral DHA-often combined with arachidonic acid (ARA)-is feasible and well tolerated. DHA may reduce inflammatory markers and necrotizing enterocolitis risk when in equilibrium with ARA (low to moderate evidence), while no evidence supports the link between DHA and reduced risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and retinopathy of prematurity (moderate evidence). Neurodevelopmental outcomes are mixed: neuroimaging studies suggest enhanced white matter maturation with DHA + ARA, whereas most trials show no clear benefit regarding standardized developmental scores (moderate evidence). CONCLUSIONS: DHA is biologically essential during the first 1000 days, but its clinical impact depends on timing, dose, baseline status, and prematurity-related context. The balance between DHA and ARA, rather than DHA supplementation alone, emerges as a key determinant of clinical efficacy, supporting a shift toward precision-based nutritional strategies in early life. DOI: 10.3390/nu18081178 PMID: 42074991 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
2. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2026 Dec 31;23(1):2658774. doi: 10.1080/15502783.2026.2658774. Epub 2026 Apr 16. Effects of eight weeks of eicosapentaenoic acid and medium-chain triacylglycerol structured lipid intake on EPA/AA ratio and muscle performance in young men. Shimizu T(1), Tsuchiya Y(2), Ueda H(3), Yokoi K(4), Yanagimoto K(4), Ochi E(5)(6). Author information: (1)Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan. (2)Center for Liberal Arts, Laboratory of Health and Sports Sciences, Meiji Gakuin University, Kanagawa, Japan. (3)Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan. (4)Food Function R&D Center, Nissui Corporation, Tokyo, Japan. (5)Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan. (6)Graduate School of Sports and Health Studies, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan. BACKGROUND: Structured triglycerides (STGs), in which eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are esterified with medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), have demonstrated greater bioavailability and potential benefits in improving endurance and reducing post-exercise strength loss compared with physical mixtures (PMs) of EPA and MCTs. However, it remains unclear whether STGs have superior effects on blood EPA levels and muscular endurance and fatigue. This study compared the effects of 8-week STG and PM intake on blood EPA levels, muscular endurance, and fatigue following resistance exercise. METHODS: Twenty-eight healthy young men were randomly assigned to an STG group (n = 15) or a PM group (n = 13) in a double-blind, parallel-group, active comparator trial. Participants consumed 4,560 mg/day of the test oil (600 mg EPA, 260 mg DHA) for 8 weeks. After the intervention, the participants performed four sets of leg extensions to exhaustion at 40% of their body weight. Muscular endurance was assessed by the number of repetitions, and fatigue was evaluated by changes in maximal voluntary contraction, range of motion, thigh circumference, muscle thickness, echo intensity, and jump performance. RESULTS: The STG group showed a significantly greater increase in the serum EPA/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio compared with the PM group. However, no significant differences were found between groups in repetition counts or fatigue-related measures. CONCLUSION: Eight weeks of STG supplementation improved the blood EPA/AA ratio more than a PM, but did not yield superior effects on muscle endurance or fatigue. DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2026.2658774 PMCID: PMC13094201 PMID: 41992745 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
3. Am J Clin Nutr. 2026 Apr 7:101311. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101311. Online ahead of print. Determining the half-life and turnover rate of EPA, n-3 docosapentaenoic acid, and DHA in humans using the natural abundance of carbon-13: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Symington A(1), Wu D(2), Chen CT(3), Del Vecchio M(4), Zahradka P(5), Taylor C(6), Aukema HM(4), Kong D(2), Metherel AH(3), Bazinet RP(3). Author information: (1)Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: amy.symington@mail.utoronto.ca. (2)Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, ON, Canada. (3)Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. (4)Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. (5)Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. (6)Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. BACKGROUND: Tools to measure omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) half-lives and turnover deserve attention, as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) play vital roles in the body. Plants and marine life vary in fixed carbon-13 signatures (δ13C), allowing in vivo tracing. OBJECTIVES: To determine the half-lives and turnover of n-3 PUFAs using δ13C in this secondary analysis. METHODS: During a 28-d randomized crossover study (6-wk wash-in phase/washout phase), 12 participants (aged 19-34 y) were supplemented with 4.2 g/d α-linolenic acid (ALA) (flax oil) or 4.3 g/d DHA, 1.0 g/d EPA, and 0.2 g/d docosapentaenoic acid (n-3 DPA) (fish oil). Blood was collected on days 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28. Plasma n-3 PUFA δ13C signatures were analyzed by gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS) to calculate half-lives and turnover. RESULTS: δ13C signatures of flax oil ALA, fish oil EPA, n-3 DPA, and DHA were -33.2 ± 1.4, -26.3 ± 2.2, -26.2 ± 1.5, and -25.4 ± 1.3 mUr, respectively. Baseline signatures were not statistically different. Over time, δ13C of EPA, n-3 DPA, and DHA converged toward the isotopic signature of the fish oil supplement (P < 0.05). Using δ13C signatures, half-lives of EPA, n-3 DPA, and DHA (3.4 ± 2.7, 6.4 ± 5.3, and 6.3 ± 8.9 d, mean ± SD, respectively) and turnover rates (61.9 ± 53.1, 6.0 ± 2.9, and 78.0 ± 44.5 nmol/mL/d, respectively) were calculated. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to investigate n-3 PUFA half-lives and turnover in humans using GC-IRMS and the natural variance of 13C in commercial fish oils. These results were similar to preclinical model values and other clinically used methods but added the first estimate for n-3 DPA half-life and turnover rate. Compound-specific isotope analysis is a valuable tool in human studies for determining n-3 PUFA half-lives and turnover rate, as well as factors affecting them, including diet, exercise, sex, genetics, and disease. Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101311 PMID: 41956323 Conflict of interest statement: Conflict of interest The funders had no role in the design, execution, or interpretation of the research. AHM is on the Board of Directors of the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids. AHM is also a Science Advisor for Benexia and Natures Crops International and was a coapplicant on a joint government/industry funded research grant with Natures Crops International. RPB. has received industrial grants, including those matched by the Canadian government, and/or travel support from Arctic Nutrition, Bunge Ltd., DSM, The Dairy Farmers of Canada, Mead Johnson, Natures Crops International, Nestec Inc, Pharmavite, and Sansero Life Sciences Inc. RPB. has served as a consultant to Bunge Ltd., Fonterra and Red Abbey Labs. Moreover, RPB. was on the executive committee of the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids and held a meeting on behalf of fatty acids and cell signaling, both of which rely on corporate sponsorship. RPB. has given expert testimony in relation to supplements and the brain. The other authors report no conflicts of interest.
4. Mol Neurobiol. 2026 Apr 9;63(1):555. doi: 10.1007/s12035-026-05843-7. Synergistic Neuroprotection of MFSD2A Overexpression and DHA Supplementation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Luo S(#)(1), Zheng Q(#)(1), Wang M(#)(1), Wang X(1)(2), Ma B(1), Liu D(1), Li L(1), Lu Y(1), Sang D(1), Yang L(3). Author information: (1)Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China. (2)Department of Emergency, The Eighth Peoples Hospital of Zhengzhou, The Mental Health Center of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China. (3)Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, No. 801 Zhihuai Road, Longzihu District, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui, China. ylj_1986_edu@163.com. (#)Contributed equally Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor neuron loss, with limited effective therapies. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exhibits neuroprotective effects, but its limited transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts clinical utility. Major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 2A (MFSD2A) is the primary transporter of DHA into the central nervous system, yet its role in ALS remains unclear. This study investigated the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of MFSD2A overexpression combined with DHA supplementation in male SOD1^G93A ALS mice. We found that MFSD2A expression was markedly reduced in ALS mice and correlated with impaired motor function and neuronal damage. DHA supplementation or MFSD2A overexpression partially improved behavioral deficits, while their combination produced synergistic benefits. Histological analyses revealed attenuated neuronal degeneration and reduced muscle fibrosis following combined treatment. Furthermore, MFSD2A physically interacted with the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21, regulating glycolytic metabolism by modulating key enzymes (GLUT1, HK2, LDHA, PDK1) and products (lactate/pyruvate and NADH/NADPH ratio). TRIM21 knockdown reversed MFSD2A-mediated neuroprotection and impaired glycolytic metabolism, indicating its critical role in this pathway. The combined intervention also suppressed systemic inflammation and oxidative stress by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) and restoring antioxidant enzyme activities (GSH-Px), while reducing lipid peroxidation (MDA). These findings suggest that MFSD2A facilitates DHA's neuroprotective effects by enhancing glycolytic metabolism and mitigating neuroinflammation. This study highlights MFSD2A and DHA as promising therapeutic targets in ALS and provides novel insights into overcoming BBB transport limitations for neurodegenerative disease treatment. © 2026. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. DOI: 10.1007/s12035-026-05843-7 PMID: 41954708 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declarations. Ethics Approval and Consent Participate: The experimental protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University (2022-(Lunshen)-182). No patient was involved in this study. Animal Ethics: All animal experiments were performed in accordance with the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (NIH Publication No. 85–23, revised 1985) and approved by the Ethics Committee of First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University (2022-(Lunshen)-182). Conflicts of interest: The authors declare no competing interests. Clinical Trial Number: Not applicable.
5. Front Allergy. 2026 Mar 16;7:1760231. doi: 10.3389/falgy.2026.1760231. eCollection 2026. Immunonutritional effects elicited by a novel multicomponent food supplement in children with cow's milk allergy: results from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Carucci L(1)(2), Caldaria E(1), Oglio F(1), Iorio RF(1)(2), Mauriello V(1)(2), Masino A(1)(2), Coppola S(1)(2). Author information: (1)Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, Naples, Italy. (2)NutriTechLab at CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy. INTRODUCTION: Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is one of the most common food allergies in childhood frequently associated with body growth impairment and micronutrient deficiencies. Immunonutrition approach with selected bioactive compounds may have beneficial effects on nutritional status and immune tolerance mechanisms. We evaluated the effects of an immunonutrition approach, based on the use of a novel multicomponent food supplement containing prebiotics, postbiotics, vitamin D3, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), Perilla frutescens extracts, and Quercetin in children with CMA. METHODS: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial, involving 30 pediatric CMA patients (both sexes, age 36-60 months) randomly assigned to receive the study product or placebo (maltodextrins) for 6 months. The active study product and placebo were provided as powder sachets with identical features. Primary outcomes were changes in body growth. Co-primary exploratory outcomes were serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and DHA levels. Secondary endpoints included the evaluation of Th2 interleukins (ILs) and IL-10, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and growth factors and cytokines modulating ILs production (Tgfb1, Ifna2, Ptgs2, Csf2) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from CMA pediatric patients. RESULTS: All participants completed the study without adverse events and with >90% adherence to the allocated treatment. At 6-month follow-up, children in the study product group showed greater improvement in body weight, and height, compared with the patients in the placebo group. Serum 25(OH)D and DHA concentrations significantly improved only in the active study group. In PBMCs collected from the patients, the active study product, but not the placebo exposure, resulted in an inhibition of Th2 cytokines (IL- 4, IL-5, IL-13) response to the stimulation with antigenic peptide β-lactoglobulin and in an increase in IL-10 production and Treg activation rate. The expression of Tgfb1, Ifna2, Ptgs2, Csf2 resulted also upregulated, suggesting an overall modulation toward immune tolerance in these patients. CONCLUSIONS: This novel multicomponent food supplement improved growth parameters and nutritional status while modulating immune tolerance mechanisms in children with CMA. These findings support the potential of an immunonutrition-based approach using this innovative supplement in managing pediatric food allergy. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrial.gov, identifier NCT06751810. © 2026 Carucci, Caldaria, Oglio, Iorio, Mauriello, Masino and Coppola. DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2026.1760231 PMCID: PMC13033664 PMID: 41918962 Conflict of interest statement: The author(s) declared that this work was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
6. Nutrients. 2026 Mar 12;18(6):907. doi: 10.3390/nu18060907. Dietary Bioactives in Alzheimer's Disease: A Critical Appraisal of Clinical Trials and Future Nutritional Strategies. Kumari A(1)(2), Zeng XA(1)(2)(3)(4). Author information: (1)School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China. (2)Guangdong Key Laboratory of Food Intelligent Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China. (3)School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China. (4)Overseas Expertise Introduction Centre for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Centre), Guangzhou 510640, China. Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a major public health challenge. Observational associations between dietary patterns and reduced dementia risk have prompted investigations of dietary bioactives (DBs) as cognitive nutraceuticals. Methods: This critical narrative review examines interventional trials for nine prominent DBs relevant to AD: docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), nicotinamide riboside (NR), tricaprilin, vitamin E (α-tocopherol), cannabinoids, and NIC5-15 (D-pinitol). Trials were identified through ClinicalTrials.gov (search date: December 2024) and supplemented by PubMed searches for published results. Data were extracted on trial phase, design, cognitive/functional endpoints, biomarker outcomes, and development status. Findings are synthesized qualitatively; no formal meta-analysis or risk of bias assessment was conducted. Results: None of the nine bioactives demonstrated consistent cognitive efficacy in AD. Phase III trials of DHA, curcumin, and tricaprilin did not meet primary cognitive endpoints. Resveratrol reduced CSF Aβ40 without cognitive benefit. Cannabinoids improved behavioral symptoms but showed no measurable cognitive effects. High-dose vitamin E slowed functional decline, while cognition remained unchanged. In contrast, trials in preclinical or at-risk populations reported preliminary cognitive signals for EGCG and biomarker engagement for NR, suggesting potential for early intervention. Conclusions: Current clinical evidence does not support high-dose DBs supplementation as an effective treatment for AD. Predominantly negative late-phase findings highlight limitations, with potential contributors including limited bioavailability, late intervention, insufficient target engagement, and biological heterogeneity. Future research may benefit from early biomarker-defined populations, optimized formulations, multi-nutrient or dietary approaches, and precision nutrition strategies considering genetic risk and baseline nutrient status. DBs may be better positioned for prevention or early-stage intervention rather than late-stage therapy. DOI: 10.3390/nu18060907 PMCID: PMC13029159 PMID: 41901082 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
7. FASEB J. 2026 Apr 15;40(7):e71709. doi: 10.1096/fj.202504783R. Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation on Inflammation and Recovery in Sports: A Meta-Analysis. Li Z(1), Zhang B(2). Author information: (1)Police Physical Skills Department, Guangdong Justice Police Vocational College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. (2)Institute of Physical Education, Huanggang Normal University, Hubei, China. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are known to modulate inflammatory signaling and enhance muscle recovery from exercise-induced stress. In this work, a meta-analysis was conducted that adhered to the PRISMA 2020 criteria, incorporating evidence from 41 randomized controlled trials on eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation, all of which had been conducted as evidence between 2011 and 2025 and evaluated the effects of EPA and DHA supplementation on the primary markers of the impact of exercise on inflammation and muscle injury, including the random-effects model with moderator dose, intervention duration, sex, and training status. The integrated findings showed that interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, creatine kinase, and delayed-onset muscle soreness (standardized mean difference = -0.4 to -0.7) were significantly and moderately reduced, indicating a uniform response to omega-3 supplementation's anti-inflammatory and recovery-promoting effects. C-reactive protein responses were more dispersed, suggesting that baseline inflammation differed and that the sampling protocols did as well. Subgroup analyses showed that doses of 2 g/day or more of mixed EPA + DHA, with a minimum duration of 6 weeks of administration, produced the strongest effects, especially among recreational athletes rather than elite athletes. Mechanistically, nuclear factor-kappa B activation and the ensuing synthesis of specialized pro-resolving mediators (resolvins, protectins, and maresins), as well as an increase in cellular antioxidant capacity, appear to be moderated by omega-3 supplementation and support efficient resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. These results form a body of evidence over more than 10 years, showing that omega-3 fatty acids are a strong, evidence-based nutritional tool for reducing the effects of post-exercise inflammation, supporting functional recovery, and sustaining long-term athletic performance. © 2026 Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. DOI: 10.1096/fj.202504783R PMID: 41891174 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
8. J Trop Pediatr. 2026 Feb 9;72(2):fmag019. doi: 10.1093/tropej/fmag019. Effect of high-docosahexaenoic acid omega-3 supplementation in low-risk pregnant women on maternal and neonatal health outcomes in Southeast Brazil: a randomized clinical trial. de Sousa TM(1), Cotting CSO(2), Ferreira LA(3), Osanan GC(4), Dos Santos LC(2). Author information: (1)Social Nutrition Department, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Brazil. (2)Nutrition Department, Federal University Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30120-010, Brazil. (3)Jenny de Andrade Faria Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30120-010, Brazil. (4)Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30120-010, Brazil. Despite well-documented benefits of omega-3 for maternal and child health, evidence on high-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation in low-risk pregnant women is limited. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among low-risk pregnant women aged 20-40 years at 22-24 weeks of gestation to evaluate the effects of high-DHA omega-3 supplementation on maternal and neonatal health outcomes. The control group (CG, n = 30) received oral olive oil supplementation, and the intervention group (IG, n = 30) received omega-3 [1700 mg, 260 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and 1440 mg of DHA] for ∼16 weeks or until delivery. Maternal and neonatal health outcomes were collected by telephone 15 days after delivery. Forty-five pregnant women completed the study (IG: 20; CG: 25). Adherence to supplementation was above 90% and did not differ between groups (P > .05). There were no differences between groups in mean gestational age (CG: 39.3 ± 1.6; IG: 39.2 ± 1.6; P = .877), adequate gestational weight gain (CG: 24.0%; IG: 50.0%; P = .088), adequate gestational BMI before delivery (CG: 33.3%; IG: 27.8%; P = .261), vaginal delivery (CG: 72.0%; IG: 60.0%; P = .396), full-term birth (CG: 92%; IG: 90%; P = .815), adequate weight (CG: 91.3%; IG: 94.7%; P = .237), and adequate length for gestational age (CG: 82.6%; IG: 100%; P = .056). Omega-3 supplementation with a higher concentration of DHA had no effect on the maternal and neonatal health outcomes investigated in a Brazilian sample of low-risk pregnant women. Further studies are needed to evaluate this effect in pregnant women at higher nutritional risk and with low dietary intake of omega-3. © The Author(s) [2026]. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com. DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmag019 PMID: 41847904 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
9. BMJ Open. 2026 Feb 27;16(2):e113455. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2025-113455. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for muscle health in community-dwelling older adults at high risk of sarcopenia: protocol for a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Zhang Z(1)(2), Jiang Y(1)(2), Su S(1)(2), Wang L(3), Bian D(3)(2)(4). Author information: (1)Department of Geriatrics, Medical Center on Aging of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. (2)College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. (3)Department of Geriatrics, Medical Center on Aging of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China biandd1211@163.com wl10779@rjh.com.cn. (4)Department of Clinical Nutrition, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. INTRODUCTION: Sarcopenia imposes a substantial burden on society, while omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation holds the potential for preventing and treating this condition. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of three different n-3 PUFA supplementation regimens compared with each other and to corn oil placebo intervention on muscle health in community-dwelling older adults at high risk of sarcopenia. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A total of 400 community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years or older, with handgrip strength <28 kg (men) or <18 kg (women), will be recruited for this multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Participants will be randomly allocated (1:1:1:1) to one of four groups for 6 months: (1) the high eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) group, (2) the high docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) group, (3) the high sn2-DHA group, (4) the corn oil control group. All intervention products will be packaged as capsules and administered at a daily dose of 2.5 g. The primary outcome is the change in handgrip strength. Secondary outcomes include changes in skeletal muscle mass, physical function, inflammation- and metabolism-related blood biomarkers and gut microbiota diversity. A ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study was approved by the Ruijin Hospital Ethics Committee. Trial findings will be disseminated via publications in international peer-reviewed journals and presentations at relevant academic conferences. Study results will be made available to participants and the public on study completion. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2500110506. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ Group. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2025-113455 PMCID: PMC12958875 PMID: 41760148 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Competing interests: None declared.
10. Nutrients. 2026 Feb 9;18(4):567. doi: 10.3390/nu18040567. Effects of Structured Lipid Supplementation for Eight Weeks on Substrate Utilization During Moderate Intensity Exercise in Healthy Untrained Men. Wang C(1), Qi JY(1), Han L(2), Yokoi K(2), Yanagimoto K(2), Wang XT(1), Fang ZL(1), Hou SL(1). Author information: (1)School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China. (2)Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd. (Nissui Corporation), Tokyo 100-8686, Japan. Background: Structured lipids, composed of re-esterified triacylglycerols containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and medium-chain fatty acids, may influence metabolism and endurance performance. This trial aimed to evaluate the effects of eight weeks of structured lipid supplementation on substrate utilization, erythrocyte fatty acid content, and endurance performance in healthy untrained men. Methods: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized design, 36 participants (18 per group) received either structured lipids or placebo supplementation for eight weeks. Pre- and post-supplementation assessments included maximal oxygen uptake, time to exhaustion, substrate oxidation during exercise at 65% VO2max, and erythrocyte membrane fatty acid content. Non-parametric statistical methods were used to analyze within- and between-group differences. Results: After supplementation, the structured lipids group showed statistically significant within-group changes in substrate utilization, including lower respiratory exchange ratio and higher percentage fat oxidation, total fat oxidation, and mean fat oxidation rate. Statistically significant increases were also observed in erythrocyte EPA + DHA content and time to exhaustion. Compared with the placebo group, the structured lipids group showed statistically significant post-intervention differences in substrate oxidation, erythrocyte EPA + DHA levels, and time to exhaustion. Conclusions: Eight weeks of structured lipid supplementation increased erythrocyte membrane EPA and DHA and enhanced fat oxidation during moderate-intensity exercise in untrained men. Although endurance performance improved, the change was within natural variability and showed substantial interindividual differences. Further rigorously controlled studies are needed to determine whether these metabolic adaptations yield meaningful functional benefits. DOI: 10.3390/nu18040567 PMCID: PMC12942799 PMID: 41754084 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Authors Li Han, Kaori Yokoi and Kenichi Yanagimoto were employed by the company Nissui Corporation. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
11. Georgian Med News. 2025 Dec;(369):266-271. OMEGA-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS AND HYPERTENSION: A REVIEW OF VASOACTIVE MECHANISMS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. Jawhar M(1), Zainal H(2), Harun S(2), Saeed B(1). Author information: (1)1Ibn Sina University of medical and pharmaceutical Sciences, Baghdad, Iraq. (2)2University Sains Malaysia. BACKGROUND AND AIM: Hypertension is an unparalleled risk factor among cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and has been reported to target over 1.4 billion people globally. The Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been put forward as possible non-pharmacological interventions to control blood pressure because they are known to be vasoactive. The purpose of the systematic review was to summarize available evidence on the vasoactive properties of omega-3 PUFAs, and how these properties apply in managing hypertension and reduction of cardiovascular risk. METHODS: Systematic review was done in compliance with the PRISMA guidelines. The search in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted to identify the publications published between 2010 and 2025. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and other related meta-analyses on the effect of EPA and/or DHA on blood pressure, and endothelial function, inflammation, lipid metabolism, and cardiovascular outcomes. Synthesis of data was done in the form of systematic narrative without quantitative pooling. RESULTS: Randomized controlled trial evidence has shown that omega-3 PUFA supplementation is linked with slight systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreases especially in hypertensive or those with high cardiometabolic risk persons. These effects have been shown to mediate via enhancement of endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability, reduction of vascular inflammation and positive remodeling of lipid profiles. Diversity of the outcomes of the studies was noticed and probably it is the difference in dosage, ratios of EPA:DHA, duration of the intervention, and the population specifics at the baseline. CONCLUSION: Omega-3 PUFAs have shown promise as supplemental agents in the process of controlling hypertension and prevention of cardiovascular disease by a variety of complementary vasoactive pathways. Nonetheless, the heterogeneity of the studies does not allow conclusive findings on the best dosing strategies. Standardized hypertension-oriented large-scale randomized controlled trials conducted in the future are justified to improve clinical practice. PMID: 41687665 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
12. J Bone Miner Res. 2026 Mar 2;41(3):242-250. doi: 10.1093/jbmr/zjaf172. The effects of marine fatty acid omega-3 supplements on incident fractures and bone mineral density in generally healthy adults. LeBoff MS(1)(2), Chou SH(1), Ratnarajah DM(1), Cook NR(2)(3)(4), Khurana B(2)(5), Kim E(3), Kotler G(3), Cawthon PM(6)(7), Bauer DC(7)(8), Black D(7), Gallagher JC(9), Lee IM(2)(3)(4), Buring JE(2)(3)(4), Manson JE(2)(3)(4). Author information: (1)Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States. (2)Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States. (3)Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States. (4)Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States. (5)Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States. (6)California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94107, United States. (7)Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States. (8)Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States. (9)Department of Endocrinology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68122, United States. Although preclinical studies suggest that omega-3 fatty acids may benefit skeletal health, there are few randomized controlled trials investigating effects of supplemental omega-3 on bone outcomes. This VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) ancillary study investigated effects of marine omega-3 (1 g/d; EPA+DHA in a 1.2:1 ratio) vs placebo supplements on fracture risk and bone density/structure. VITAL is a 2 × 2 factorial randomized placebo-controlled trial that studied effects of supplemental marine omega-3 fatty acids and/or vitamin D3 vs placebo on cancer and cardiovascular events. The intervention took place from November 2011 through December 2017; median follow-up was 5.3 yr. The study included 25 871 U.S. men (aged ≥50) and women (aged ≥55) without baseline cancer or cardiovascular disease, not selected for low bone density or fracture history. Primary outcomes were adjudicated incident total, nonvertebral, and hip fractures in the overall cohort. In a subcohort of 771 individuals, we measured 2-yr changes in areal BMD (aBMD) by DXA, and volumetric BMD (vBMD), cortical thickness, and bone strength indices at the radius and tibia by peripheral QCT. Supplemental omega-3 vs placebo had no effect on total (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.92-1.13; p = .73), nonvertebral (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.91-1.12; p = .80), or hip fractures (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.61-1.30; p = .55). In the subcohort, omega-3 supplementation resulted in a small increase in whole body aBMD (+0.03% vs -0.41%, p = .006) and no effect on aBMD at the spine or hip, or vBMD or bone strength indices at the radius or tibia. No serious adverse effects were observed. Supplementation with marine omega-3 fatty acids did not reduce incident fracture risk. It led to a small increase in whole body aBMD but had no other effects on BMD or bone strength measures compared to placebo in generally healthy midlife and older adults. Plain Language Summary: Animal studies suggest that omega-3 fatty acid supplements may help bone health. However, there are few human clinical trials assessing the impact of supplemental omega-3 on bone density and fracture risk. This ancillary study to the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL investigated if supplementation with marine omega-3 fatty acids improves bone outcomes in 25 871 men and women (average age 67.1 yr). Supplemental omega-3 fatty acids, compared to placebo, did not reduce total, nonspine, or hip fractures over 5.3 yr of treatment. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for 2 yr also did not improve spine or hip bone density in a smaller group of 771 participants. In this very large study, marine omega-3 fatty acid supplementation did not reduce incident fracture risk or benefit bone density in community-dwelling midlife to older adults. © The Author(s) 2026. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com. DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjaf172 PMCID: PMC13017742 PMID: 41603552 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: J.E.B, Pharmavite: Other Financial or Material Support.
13. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2026 Jan;70(2):e70393. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.70393. A Comparative Study on the Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Lactation. Mutlu Durğut İ(1), Yeşil Sarsmaz H(2), Gürgen SG(3). Author information: (1)Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Midwifery, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey. (2)Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Histology and Embryology, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey. (3)Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Histology and Embryology, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey. This study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal supplementation with fish oil, flaxseed oil, and walnut oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids during lactation on mammary tissue structure and milk quality. Rats were randomly assigned to negative control, control, fish oil, walnut oil, and flaxseed oil groups. The supplements were administered by oral gavage from parturition (Day 0) to the end of lactation (Day 21). Mammary tissues were evaluated immunohistochemically, and blood samples were analyzed biochemically. The docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) level in the fish oil group was significantly higher than in other groups (p < 0.05). Fatty Acid Desaturase-2 (FADS2) levels also differed significantly between the negative control and all other groups (p < 0.05), while no significant change was observed in the walnut oil group (p > 0.05). Immunostaining intensities for insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) varied significantly among all groups (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that maternal fish oil supplementation during lactation more effectively enhances milk quality and mammary tissue function than flaxseed or walnut oil, indicating its potential as a dietary strategy to improve milk composition and support offspring nutrition. Trial Registration: Registered on the Clinical Trial Registry (www.clinicaltrials.gov; Clinical Trials identifier: NCT06111378 (26/10/2023). © 2026 Wiley‐VCH GmbH. DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.70393 PMID: 41572962 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
14. Food Funct. 2026 Feb 9;17(3):1518-1530. doi: 10.1039/d5fo04037j. Effects of fish oil supplementation on biomarkers of vascular endothelial function in middle-aged and older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Quan C(1), Tang W(1), Qin Y(2), Nian Z(1), Li Z(3), Mao L(1). Author information: (1)Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical university, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, P. R. China. mlm912@163.com. (2)Department of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, Guangdong, P. R. China. (3)BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou 510700, Guangdong, P. R. China. Objective: This trial evaluated marine-derived omega-3 supplementation for primary cardiovascular prevention in middle-aged and elderly adults, focusing on endothelial activation markers and vasodilation. Methods: 240 participants were randomized to four groups receiving 0 g, 1 g, 2 g, or 4 g daily of fish oil (containing 129 mg DHA and 182 mg EPA per gram) for 12 weeks. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for fatty acids and endothelial function biomarkers (NO, ET-1, ICAM-1, MCP-1, Ox-LDL) at baseline and post-intervention. Results: Baseline characteristics and dietary intake did not differ significantly among groups (P > 0.05). Post-intervention analysis revealed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in serum EPA and DHA in all fish oil groups except the control group. The key between-group result was a significantly greater reduction in ICAM-1 (-24.21% vs. -10.90%; P = 0.026) and MCP-1 (-27.38% vs. -14.92%; P = 0.024) in the 1 g d-1 group compared to control, with higher doses (2 g d-1 and 4 g d-1) not showing incremental benefit. No other biomarkers (NO, ET-1, Ox-LDL) showed significant between-group differences. Notably, within-group changes included increased NO in the 2 g d-1 group and decreased ET-1 in the 1 g d-1 and 4 g d-1 groups from baseline. Conclusions: This study found that low-dose fish oil significantly reduced endothelial inflammatory markers (ICAM-1, MCP-1) with a U-shaped dose-response in a community-based middle-aged/elderly population, suggesting optimal anti-inflammatory effects at modest intake. No effects were seen on vasodilatory or oxidative lipid markers. DOI: 10.1039/d5fo04037j PMID: 41568898 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
15. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2026 Apr;72:102906. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.102906. Epub 2026 Jan 9. An exploratory, open-label, pilot randomized trial of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on serum ferritin in university female students: The OMEGA-3 FA study. Fujibayashi M(1), Suganuma A(2), Domichi M(2), Hayashi I(3), Yamakata R(1), Fujikawa H(4), Kumano A(5), Kijima K(6), Tomokane S(6), Ogura Y(7), Sakane S(2), Sakane N(8). Author information: (1)Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan. (2)Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, Japan. (3)Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Food and Nutrition Faculty of Contemporary Home Economics, Kyoto Kacho University, 3-456, Rinkacho, Kyoto Shi Higashiyama Ku, Kyoto Fu, 605-0062, Japan. (4)Faculty of Human Health, Sonoda Women's University, 7-29-1 Minamitsukaguchi-cho, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 661-8520, Japan. (5)Department of Social Welfare, Kansai University of Social Welfare, 380-3 Shinden, Ako, Hyogo, 678-0255, Japan. (6)School of Sports Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, 1-1 Asashirodai, Kumatori-cho, Sennan, Osaka, 590-0496, Japan. (7)Faculty of Human Sciences, Osaka International University, 6-21-57 Tohda-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka, 570-8555, Japan. (8)Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, Japan. Electronic address: nsakane@gf6.so-net.ne.jp. BACKGROUND: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have unique properties that are advantageous for female. However, no study has explored the effects of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on serum ferritin levels. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on serum ferritin levels in university female students. METHODS: Thirty-nine iron-deficient university female students aged 18-29 years randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the intervention group (receiving 525 mg eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and 175 mg docosahexaenoic acid [DHA] daily for 8 weeks) or the control group. Hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels, dietary intake, and lipidomics were assessed at baseline and after the 8-week intervention period. Analyses were performed by an independent, blinded statistician. RESULTS: The adherence rate in the study was 94.9 %. n-3 PUFA supplementation increased the omega-3 index (1.8 ± 1.7 vs. 0.4 ± 1.1; p = 0.007), while it decreased the omega-6/3 ratio (-2.6 ± 2.5 vs. -0.9 ± 1.5; p = 0.016) and arachidonic acid/EPA ratio (-9.1 ± 11.6 vs. 1.4 ± 8.5; p = 0.004) compared to those in the control group. These supplementation increased serum ferritin levels (7.8 ± 9.1 vs. 1.8 ± 8.0 ng/mL; p = 0.041); however, it did not change hemoglobin and hepcidin levels compared to those in the control group. No adverse events were observed. CONCLUSION: In this pilot study, omega-3 PUFA supplementation was associated with modest changes in iron status markers in young healthy females. These findings are exploratory, and further placebo-controlled trials are needed to confirm the effects. NAME OF TRIAL REGISTRY: The effect of omega-3 fatty acids intake on hepcidin and anemia Identifying number: UMIN000050570. DATE OF REGISTRATION: 2023/03/14. Copyright © 2026 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.102906 PMID: 41520879 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
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