마시멜로 뿌리
Marshmallow Root
📚 관련 논문 (29편)
1. Braz J Biol. 2021 Sep 20;83:e249209. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.249209. eCollection 2021. The use of babosa (Aloe vera) in treating burns: a literature review. Zago LR(1), Prado K(1), Benedito VL(1), Pereira MM(1). Author information: (1)Centro Universitário São Camilo, Curso de Medicina, São Pau
1. Am J Otolaryngol. 2019 Mar-Apr;40(2):265-273. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2018.10.012. Epub 2018 Oct 24. A randomized, open-label, multicenter, comparative study of therapeutic efficacy, safety and tolerability of BNO 1030 extract, containing marshmallow root, chamomile flowers, horsetail herb, walnut leaves, yarrow herb, oak bark, dandelion herb in the treatment of acute non-bacterial tonsillitis in children aged 6 to 18 years. Popovych V(1), Koshel I(2), Malofiichuk A(2), Pyletska L(2), Semeniuk A(2), Filippova O(2), Orlovska R(2). Author information: (1)Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Galitskaya str. 2, 76000 Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine. Electronic address: popovych_ent@ukr.net. (2)Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Galitskaya str. 2, 76000 Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine. Seventy to 95% of acute tonsillitis episodes are caused by viral infection, therefore why antibiotic therapy is not indicated in majority of cases. In such cases, acetaminophen or ibuprofen are used to alleviate the symptoms. The objective of this study was assessment of efficacy of phytoneering extract BNO 1030 (Imupret®) in patients with acute non-bacterial tonsillitis. METHODS: This randomized, open-label, multicenter, comparative study randomised 238 outpatients aged 6-18 years to receive either BNO 1030 (Imupret®) as a supplement to standard symptomatic therapy, or standard therapy. Assessment criteria were as follows: sore throat dynamics at rest and at swallowing, throat irritation associated with cough, general condition, day of withdrawal of antipyretics, the share of treatment responders, as well as assessment of "therapeutic benefit" from the use of BNO 1030. RESULTS: Decreased intensity of acute tonsillitis symptoms to 1 point and lower, assessed using 4-point scale starting from the day 5 of treatment (p < 0.005), alleviation of local symptoms and general condition starting from day 2 of the disease (р < 0.001), withdrawal of antipyretics starting from day 4 of treatment (p < 0.005), increase of the number of treatment responders to 81.6% (p < 0.005) versus the control were reported. "Therapeutic benefit" was 4.2 days. All patients tolerated phytotherapy well, and no adverse reactions were seen. CONCLUSION: BNO 1030 (Imupret®) is a safe and effective product for treatment of acute non-bacterial tonsillitis in children aged 6-18 years, assuring therapeutic benefit when prescribed additionally to the standard symptomatic therapy. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2018.10.012 PMID: 30554882 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
2. Clin Oral Investig. 2015 Apr;19(3):753-7. doi: 10.1007/s00784-015-1405-8. Epub 2015 Jan 25. Comparison between three different saliva substitutes in patients with hyposalivation. Skrinjar I(1), Vucicevic Boras V, Bakale I, Andabak Rogulj A, Brailo V, Vidovic Juras D, Alajbeg I, Vrdoljak DV. Author information: (1)Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, Department of Oral Medicine, Gunduliceva 5, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia, skrinjar.ivana@gmail.com. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to compare the efficiency of oral spray based on thermal spring water (Buccotherm®) versus commercial saliva substitute (Xeros®) and marshmallow root on the quality of life in patients with hyposalivation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 patients with unstimulated salivary flow rate <0.2 ml/min were randomized into three groups. In the first group, 30 patients were using Buccotherm®; in the second group, 15 patients were using Xeros®; and in the third group, 15 patients were using marshmallow root. Therapy lasted for 2 weeks; everyday, patients used one of the products four times a day. Quality of life was measured by the Croatian version of Oral Health Impact Profile 14 questionnaire, and visual analog scale was used to determine the intensity of dry mouth before and after therapy. Statistical analysis was performed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Standardized effect size was calculated for OHIP following treatment. RESULTS: Buccotherm® has shown the biggest effect on quality of life in patients with hyposalivation. Intensity of dry mouth was lower after the applied therapy whatever substitute patients used. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend the use of all three saliva substitutes for decreasing the intensity of dry mouth symptoms as well as improvement in the quality of life. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although all tested agents showed beneficial effect in alleviating hyposalivation symptoms, it seems that Buccotherm® was superior to Xeros® and marshmallow root. DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1405-8 PMID: 25617026 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
1. Scientifica (Cairo). 2026 Feb 25;2026:9161837. doi: 10.1155/sci5/9161837. eCollection 2026. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Effects of Aqueous, Methanolic, and a Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Extracts of Althaea officinalis. Khodadadi H(1), Ghasemi R(2), Karami F(3), Vaez A(4), Nouraei H(1), Sahraeian K(1), Zareshahrabadi Z(5). Author information: (1)Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, sums.ac.ir. (2)School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, sums.ac.ir. (3)Central Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, sums.ac.ir. (4)Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, sums.ac.ir. (5)Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, sums.ac.ir. BACKGROUND: The increase in antimicrobial resistance has become a worldwide health emergency, rendering most conventional antibiotics ineffective and encouraging the research into alternative therapeutic methods. METHODS: The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Althaea officinalis flower extracts was investigated in this research with specific focus on the deep eutectic solvent-mediated extraction method. Deep eutectic solvent was synthesized using ammonium acetate and lactic acid in different molar ratios and utilized as a sustainable extraction solvent under ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions. Deep eutectic solvent-based extraction was optimized to produce high amounts of bioactive compounds, and extracts obtained were compared with aqueous and methanolic solvents. Total phenolic content, antimicrobial activity against standard bacterial and fungal strains, as well as azole-resistant and azole-sensitive clinical isolates of Candida albicans, were measured. Antioxidant capacity was calculated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay. RESULTS: Deep eutectic solvent-based extract was superior in extraction with greater total phenolic content (8.9 ± 0.4) and improved antimicrobial and antioxidant activity compared to the conventional extracts. Particularly, the deep eutectic solvent extract exhibited noteworthy inhibitory activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative standard strains of bacteria, as well as standard and clinical yeast fungi. The biocompatibility of the deep eutectic solvent extract was assured by cytotoxicity analyses against 3T3 fibroblast cells. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that DES-based extraction serves as a green and effective method for isolating bioactive compounds from Althaea officinalis. This procedure deserves its potential use in the synthesis of novel antimicrobial agents. Copyright © 2026 Hossein Khodadadi et al. Scientifica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. DOI: 10.1155/sci5/9161837 PMCID: PMC12933183 PMID: 41757369 Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
2. Biology (Basel). 2025 Nov 21;14(12):1636. doi: 10.3390/biology14121636. Anthelmintic Activity of Traditional Medicinal Plants Used in Europe. Boyko O(1), Brygadyrenko V(2). Author information: (1)Department of Parasitology and Veterinary Expertise, Examination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Sergiy Efremov St., 25, 49000 Dnipro, Ukraine. (2)Department of Biodiversity and Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Ecology, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Nauky Av., 72, 49010 Dnipro, Ukraine. Synthetic anthelmintic drugs not only contribute to the development of pathogen resistance and environmental pollution but also to the development of pathogen resistance. Therefore, identifying the anthelmintic properties of widely used medicinal plants could be of great practical interest to veterinary and human medicine. In our experiment, we evaluated the in vitro survivability of the noninvasive and invasive (L1-2 and L3, respectively) larvae of Strongyloides papillosus and Haemonchus contortus subject to aqueous solutions of ethanolic tinctures of traditional medicinal plants (46 species). Most of the plant species we studied belonged to the families Asteraceae (Achillea millefolium, Arctium lappa, Artemisia absinthium, Bidens tripartita, Calendula officinalis, Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus, Echinacea purpurea, Helichrysum arenarium, Inula helenium, Matricaria chamomilla, Silybum marianum, Tanacetum vulgare, Taraxacum officinale, Tragopogon porrifolius), Rosaceae (Agrimonia eupatoria, Fragaria vesca, Sanguisorba officinalis), and Lamiaceae (Leonurus cardiaca, Mentha × piperita, Origanum vulgare, Salvia officinalis, Thymus vulgaris). Other plant families were represented by 1-3 species: Fabaceae (Glycyrrhiza glabra, Hedysarum alpinum, Trifolium pratense), Salicaceae (Populus nigra, P. tremula, Salix alba), Fagaceae (Quercus robur), Betulaceae (Betula pendula), Juglandaceae (Juglans regia), Rhamnaceae (Frangula alnus), Acoraceae (Acorus calamus), Apiaceae (Foeniculum vulgare), Caprifoliaceae (Valeriana officinalis), Cucurbitaceae (Cucurbita pepo), Equisetaceae (Equisetum arvense), Ericaceae (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), Gentianaceae (Centaurium erythraea), Hypericaceae (Hypericum perforatum), Malvaceae (Althaea officinalis), Plantaginaceae (Linaria vulgaris, Plantago major), Poaceae (Zea mays), Polygonaceae (Polygonum aviculare), and Ranunculaceae (Nigella sativa). We determined Artemisia absinthium, Inula helenium, Matricaria chamomilla, Salvia officinalis, and Populus nigra, whose aqueous solutions of alcohol tinctures demonstrated nematocidal properties. The other plants we studied did not affect the viability of parasitic nematode larvae. DOI: 10.3390/biology14121636 PMCID: PMC12729885 PMID: 41463411 Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
3. Biometals. 2025 Oct;38(5):1447-1468. doi: 10.1007/s10534-025-00711-8. Epub 2025 Jul 2. Biofilm-inhibiting ZnO@Eggshell nanocomposites: green synthesis, characterization, and biomedical potential. Şensoy Gün B(1)(2), Gurbanov R(3)(4), Tunalı B(5). Author information: (1)Central Research Laboratory Application and Research Center (BARUM), Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11000, Bilecik, Türkiye. busra.sensoygun@bilecik.edu.tr. (2)Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 2023, Burdur, Türkiye. busra.sensoygun@bilecik.edu.tr. (3)Central Research Laboratory Application and Research Center (BARUM), Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11000, Bilecik, Türkiye. (4)Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11000, Bilecik, Türkiye. (5)Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 2023, Burdur, Türkiye. This study explored the eco-friendly synthesis, characterization, optimization, and biomedical potential of zinc oxide-eggshell (ZnO@ES) nanocomposites using Althaea officinalis flower extract. HPLC analysis identified pink flower extract as the highest in quercetin (88.452 ppm), making it the optimal choice for synthesis. UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed ZnO nanostructures (384 nm peak), while characterization analyses using different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques validated their successful incorporation within the eggshell matrix. The hemocompatibility of ZnO@ES nanocomposites was assessed through hemolysis tests, which demonstrated low hemolytic activity (<5%), ensuring blood compatibility. Antimicrobial assays against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans revealed significant inhibitory effects, particularly with ZnO@ES4. Agar well diffusion tests showed that while eggshell alone lacked antimicrobial activity, ZnO@ES2 formed inhibition zones against P. aeruginosa and E. coli, whereas ZnO@ES4 was effective against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and S. aureus. Biofilm inhibition tests further demonstrated that ZnO@ES2 and ZnO@ES4 significantly reduced E. coli and P. aeruginosa biofilms, with ZnO@ES4 being more effective. MTT cytotoxicity assays using L929 fibroblast cells confirmed biocompatibility, with ZnO@ES2 enhancing cell proliferation. By repurposing eggshell waste, this study promotes a circular economy approach, transforming an abundant biowaste into value-added biomaterials. The green synthesis method eliminates the need for toxic chemicals, ensuring an environmentally friendly and sustainable clean production process. These findings support the development of antimicrobial and biocompatible nanocomposites with biomedical applications. © 2025. The Author(s). DOI: 10.1007/s10534-025-00711-8 PMCID: PMC12507985 PMID: 40601177 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests.
4. Pharmaceutics. 2025 May 5;17(5):611. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17050611. Augmented Marshmallow Extract Lipid Nanoparticles with Clove Oil Embedded in Collagen Sponge for Ultimate Antimicrobial Healing of Diabetic Mouth Ulcer. Elhabal SF(1), Faheem AM(2), Hababeh S(3), Nelson J(4), Elzohairy NA(5)(6), Ibrahim YF(7)(8), Ewedah TM(9), Mousa IS(10), Allam KM(11), Hamdan AME(12). Author information: (1)Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Mokattam, Cairo 11571, Egypt. (2)Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt. (3)Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. (4)Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef (NUB), Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt. (5)Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Mokattam, Cairo 11571, Egypt. (6)Air Force Specialized Hospital, Cairo 19448, Egypt. (7)Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt. (8)Pathological Sciences Department-MBBS Program, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah 21461, Saudi Arabia. (9)Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo 11829, Egypt. (10)Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Al-Arish 45511, Egypt. (11)Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt. (12)Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia. Background/Objectives: Diabetic mouth ulcers are a pathological condition of the oral mucosa leading to increases in susceptibility to infection and prolonged wound healing time. Still, there is a lack of natural formulations for treating this condition. Our principal objective was to formulate solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) that contained Althaea officinalis (marshmallow) (M.) extract with clove oil (CO.), subsequently integrated into a collagen sponge for enhancing stability, solubility, sustained release, antimicrobial efficacy, and healing power when targeting diabetic oral ulcers. Methods: A factorial design of 34 trials was established to evaluate the influence of lipid concentration (A), SAA concentration (B), lipid type (C), and SAA type (D). The optimized M-CO-SLNs was selected using Design Expert®, the based Poly dispersibility index (Y2), zeta potential (MV) (Y3), and encapsulation efficiency (%) (Y4). The optimized SLNs were integrated into a collagen sponge matrix and tested for their antibacterial and antifungal efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, respectively. Moreover, they were tested for their wound healing power in a diabetic mouth ulcer model. Results: The optimized formula (Run 16: 5% lipid concentration, 4% SAA concentration, capric acid) demonstrated P.S (110 ± 0.76 nm), ZP (-24 ± 0.32 mV), PDI (0.18 ± 0.05), and EE% (90 ± 0.65%.). The optimized M-CO-SLNs formula was incorporated into a cross-linked collagen sponge and showed superior antimicrobial efficacy, an increased swelling ratio, and was effective in an in vivo oral ulcer study, as evidenced by ELISA biomarkers, gene expression analysis, and histological analysis. Conclusions: M-CO-SLNs embedded in collagen sponges is a promising therapeutic formula for clinical application against diabetic mouth ulcers. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17050611 PMCID: PMC12114885 PMID: 40430902 Conflict of interest statement: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.
5. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2025 May 5;19:3657-3680. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S505270. eCollection 2025. The Potential Mechanisms of Althaea rosea (Linn.) Cavan. Flower in Alleviating Tetrodotoxin Poisoning: An Integrated Metabolomics, Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation. Zheng R(1)(2), Wu Y(1), Huang L(1), Zeng F(3), Huang L(1). Author information: (1)School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, People's Republic of China. (2)Physical and Chemical Analysis Department, Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350012, People's Republic of China. (3)Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital; China Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research [Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Women and Children's Hospital)], Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, People's Republic of China. PURPOSE: Tetrodotoxin (TTX) poisoning manifests rapidly and severely, and there are currently no clinically effective treatments. Althaea rosea (Linn.) Cavan. flower, documented in the "National Compendium of Chinese Herbal Medicines", is traditionally recognized and clinically applied for its potential to mitigate tetrodotoxin (TTX) poisoning. This study aims to explores the pharmacodynamic components and mechanisms of the ethyl acetate extract of Althaea rosea flower (EAEAR) in a TTX-induced rat model. METHODS: Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS) was used to identify active components in EAEAR. Metabolomics combined with network pharmacology was used to explore the mechanisms underlying the mitigating effects of EAEAR in TTX-intoxicated rats. Experimental validation was performed on key targets of the pathway through Western blotting or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. And differential metabolites in key pathways were further validated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS). RESULTS: A total of 35 active components were identified in EAEAR, 12 core components and 15 core targets were screened in network pharmacology, and metabolomics revealed 15 different metabolites. The arginine and proline metabolism pathway and the arginine biosynthesis pathway were identified as critical pathways for EAEAR's effect in alleviating TTX poisoning. Validation results indicated that EAEAR treatment led to significant alterations (P <0.05) in six key targets (MAOA, AOC1, ALDH7A1, NAGS, NOS2, and NOS3) and three differential metabolites (GABA, Pro, and NAG) in TTX-intoxicated rats. CONCLUSION: EAEAR alleviates TTX poisoning symptoms by modulating targets and metabolites in the arginine and proline metabolism pathways and the arginine biosynthesis pathway. This study provides a theoretical basis for further exploration of its therapeutic potential and mechanisms against TTX poisoning. © 2025 Zheng et al. DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S505270 PMCID: PMC12063623 PMID: 40351347 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
6. Healthc (Amst). 2025 Jun;13(1):100760. doi: 10.1016/j.hjdsi.2025.100760. Epub 2025 May 2. Delivering health equity at scale: Organizational experience with value-based care focused on marginalized populations. Tang M(1), Hunter C(2), Brown S(3), Rao A(4), Mehta PK(5), Matthews K(6). Author information: (1)Cityblock Health, 495 Flatbush Ave Suite C5, Brooklyn, NY, 11225, USA. Electronic address: michael.tang@cityblock.com. (2)Cityblock Health, 495 Flatbush Ave Suite C5, Brooklyn, NY, 11225, USA. Electronic address: charisse.hunter@cityblock.com. (3)Cityblock Health, 495 Flatbush Ave Suite C5, Brooklyn, NY, 11225, USA. Electronic address: shoshanah.brown@cityblock.com. (4)Cityblock Health, 495 Flatbush Ave Suite C5, Brooklyn, NY, 11225, USA. Electronic address: aarthi.rao@cityblock.com. (5)Cityblock Health, 495 Flatbush Ave Suite C5, Brooklyn, NY, 11225, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine, 771 Albany Street, Dowling 4, Boston, MA 02118, USA. Electronic address: pooja.mehta@cityblock.com. (6)Cityblock Health, 495 Flatbush Ave Suite C5, Brooklyn, NY, 11225, USA. Electronic address: kameron.matthews@cityblock.com. DOI: 10.1016/j.hjdsi.2025.100760 PMID: 40318438 Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:Pooja K. Mehta reports a relationship with Cityblock Health that includes: employment and equity or stocks. Pooja K. Mehta reports a relationship with ICA Global - Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services that includes: consulting or advisory. Pooja K. Mehta reports a relationship with Neighborhood Birth Center that includes: board membership. Pooja K. Mehta reports a relationship with National Quality Forum that includes: travel reimbursement. Shoshanah Brown reports a relationship with AIRnyc that includes: non-financial support. Shoshanah Brown reports a relationship with NYC Mayor's Environmental Justice Committee that includes: non-financial support. Shoshanah Brown reports a relationship with Columbia Children's Environmental Health Advisory Board that includes: non-financial support. Shoshanah Brown reports a relationship with Nest Health that includes: equity or stocks. Michael Tang reports a relationship with RIZE Massachusetts Foundation that includes: board membership. Michael Tang reports a relationship with American Academy of Pediatrics that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Charisse Hunter reports a relationship with CrossWork Midas Fund that includes: consulting or advisory and equity or stocks. Charisse Hunter reports a relationship with Belay Food Allergy Program that includes: consulting or advisory and equity or stocks. Aarthi Rao reports a relationship with Cityblock Health that includes: employment and equity or stocks. Shoshanah Brown reports a relationship with Cityblock Health that includes: employment and equity or stocks. Michael Tang reports a relationship with Cityblock Health that includes: employment and equity or stocks. Charisse Hunter reports a relationship with Cityblock Health that includes: employment and equity or stocks. Kameron Matthews reports a relationship with Cityblock Health that includes: employment and equity or stocks. Kameron Matthews reports a relationship with Althaea Health (dba Noble) that includes: equity or stocks. Kameron Matthews reports a relationship with Tour for Diversity that includes: non-financial support. Kameron Matthews reports a relationship with Aspen Health Innovators Fellowship that includes: travel reimbursement. Kameron Matthews reports a relationship with Coalition for Health Artificial Intelligence that includes: non-financial support. Kameron Matthews reports a relationship with Rock Health that includes: consulting or advisory and travel reimbursement. Kameron Matthews reports a relationship with National Minority Quality Forum that includes: non-financial support. Kameron Matthews reports a relationship with National Academy of Medicine that includes: non-financial support. Kameron Matthews reports a relationship with HealthTeamWorks that includes: board membership. Kameron Matthews reports a relationship with US Department of Veterans Affairs that includes: special advisory employment. Kameron Matthews reports a relationship with Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Kameron Matthews reports a relationship with Weitzman Institute that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Kameron Matthews reports a relationship with Morehouse University National Center for Primary Care that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Kameron Matthews reports a relationship with Primary Care for America that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Kameron Matthews reports a relationship with Federal Reserve of NY that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Kameron Matthews reports a relationship with Rock Health Foundation that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Kameron Matthews reports a relationship with Association of American Medical Colleges that includes: travel reimbursement. Kameron Matthews reports a relationship with American College of Lifestyle Medicine that includes: travel reimbursement. Kameron Matthews reports a relationship with Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health that includes: travel reimbursement. Kameron Matthews reports a relationship with American Academy of Family Physicians that includes: travel reimbursement. Aarthi Rao has patent Transitions of Care Workflow and Prioritization System pending to Cityblock Health, Inc. Michael Tang has patent Identification of Health Risk and Impact Assessment pending to Cityblock Health, Inc. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
7. Biomolecules. 2025 Mar 5;15(3):380. doi: 10.3390/biom15030380. Interplay Between Traditional and Scientific Knowledge: Phytoconstituents and Their Roles in Lung and Colorectal Cancer Signaling Pathways. Imtiaz I(1), Schloss J(1), Bugarcic A(1). Author information: (1)National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Military Road, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia. Natural plant products have been used for cancer treatment since ancient times and continue to play a vital role in modern anticancer drug development. However, only a small fraction of identified medicinal plants has been thoroughly investigated, particularly for their effects on cellular pathways in lung and colorectal cancers, two under-researched cancers with poor prognostic outcomes (lung cancers). This review focuses on the lung and colorectal cancer signaling pathways modulated by bioactive compounds from eleven traditional medicinal plants: Curcuma longa, Astragalus membranaceus, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Althaea officinalis, Echinacea purpurea, Sanguinaria canadensis, Codonopsis pilosula, Hydrastis canadensis, Lobelia inflata, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Zingiber officinale. These plants were selected based on their documented use in traditional medicine and modern clinical practice. Selection criteria involved cross-referencing herbs identified in a scoping review of traditional cancer treatments and findings from an international survey on herbal medicine currently used for lung and colorectal cancer management by our research group and the availability of existing literature on their anticancer properties. The review identifies several isolated phytoconstituents from these plants that exhibit anticancer properties by modulating key signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, RAS/RAF/MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, and TGF-β in vitro. Notable constituents include sanguinarine, berberine, hydrastine, lobeline, curcumin, gingerol, shogaol, caffeic acid, echinacoside, cichoric acid, glycyrrhizin, 18-β-glycyrrhetinic acid, astragaloside IV, lobetyolin, licochalcone A, baicalein, baicalin, wogonin, and glycyrol. Curcumin and baicalin show preclinical effectiveness but face bioavailability challenges, which may be overcome by combining them with piperine or using oral extracts to enhance gut microbiome conversion, integrating traditional knowledge with modern strategies for improved outcomes. Furthermore, herbal extracts from Echinacea, Glycyrrhiza, and Codonopsis, identified in traditional knowledge, are currently in clinical trials. Notably, curcumin and baicalin also modulate miRNA pathways, highlighting a promising intersection of modern science and traditional medicine. Thus, the development of anticancer therapeutics continues to benefit from the synergy of traditional knowledge, scientific innovation, and technological advancements. DOI: 10.3390/biom15030380 PMCID: PMC11940637 PMID: 40149916 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
8. Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 May;308(Pt 3):142092. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.142092. Epub 2025 Mar 20. Development of multifunctional agar/κ-carrageenan/kaolinite hydrogels: Role of tetracycline and marshmallow extract loading in antibacterial and controlled release properties. Khazaei S(1), Tanhaei B(2), Movaghar Khoshkho S(1), Niknam Shahrak M(1). Author information: (1)Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran. (2)Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran. Electronic address: b.tanhaei@qiet.ac.ir. This study introduces an innovative CAK hydrogel composite enhanced with tetracycline (TC) and Althaea Officinalis Extract (AOE), designed to address key challenges in wound dressing applications. The novelty lies in the hydrogel's unique dual-drug incorporation and micelle-based delivery approach, which significantly improves drug release control and mechanical properties. Incorporation of bioactive AOE and optimization using Triton X - 100 at its critical micelle concentration (CMC) lead to distinct structural transformations, such as spherical aperture formation and matrix expansion, enabling superior swelling and controlled drug release behavior. Advanced modeling, including the Korsmeyer-Peppas and Higuchi models, reveals non-Fickian diffusion mechanisms, while Response Surface Methodology (RSM) identifies optimal hydrogel parameters, achieving substantial drug release over extended durations. Mechanical evaluations highlight the drug-loaded hydrogel's exceptional tensile strength, elasticity, and energy absorption, surpassing conventional formulations and offering a mechanically robust solution. Antibacterial testing further confirms its efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, supporting its potential as a next-generation wound dressing material. Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.142092 PMID: 40120909 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
9. Planta. 2024 Nov 5;260(6):132. doi: 10.1007/s00425-024-04550-8. Aromatic plants as cosmeceuticals: benefits and applications for skin health. Olivero-Verbel J(1), Quintero-Rincón P(2)(3), Caballero-Gallardo K(4)(5). Author information: (1)Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130014, Colombia. (2)Functional Toxicology Group. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130014, Colombia. (3)Research Group Design and Formulation of Medicines, Cosmetics, and Related, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Colombia. (4)Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130014, Colombia. kcaballerog@unicartagena.edu.co. (5)Functional Toxicology Group. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130014, Colombia. kcaballerog@unicartagena.edu.co. This review highlights the potential of aromatic plants as natural antioxidants in cosmeceuticals to combat skin aging and promote health and rejuvenation. Aromatic plant extracts, essential oils, or their phytoconstituents have a long history of use in skincare, dating back centuries. Currently, these plant-based sources are extensively researched and utilized in the cosmeceutical industry to formulate products that enhance skin health and promote a youthful appearance. These plants' diverse bioactivities and sensory properties make them ideal ingredients for developing anti-aging agents recommended for maintaining healthy skin through self-care routines, offering a natural alternative to synthetic products. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in the dermis, attributed to intrinsic and extrinsic aging factors, particularly prolonged sun exposure, is identified as the primary cause of skin aging. Plant extracts enriched with antioxidant compounds including flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, stilbenes, terpenes, and steroids, are fundamental to counteract ROS-induced oxidative stress. Noteworthy effects observed from the use of these natural sources include photoprotective, senolytic, anti-inflammatory, anti-wrinkle, anti-acne, and anti-tyrosinase activities, encompassing benefits like photoprotection, wound healing, skin whitening, anti-pigmentation, tissue regeneration, among others. This review highlights several globally distributed aromatic plant species renowned for their benefits for skin, including Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Apiaceae), Calendula officinalis L. and Matricaria chamomilla L. (Asteraceae), Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae), Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. (Lauraceae), Althaea officinalis L. (Malvaceae), Malaleuca alternifolia (Maiden y Betche) Cheel (Myrtaceae), Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (Poaceae), Rubus idaeus L. (Rosaceae), and Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck (Rutaceae), emphasizing their potential in skincare formulations and their role in promoting health and rejuvenation. © 2024. The Author(s). DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04550-8 PMCID: PMC11538177 PMID: 39500772 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
10. Cell J. 2024 Oct 7;26(8):473-486. doi: 10.22074/cellj.2024.2026329.1550. Therapeutic Effects of Althaea officinalis L. and Metformin on Estradiol-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Rats: Insights into The PI3K/AKT Pathway, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress. Gao J(1), Huang Y(2), Song Y(2), Huang X(2), Zhang D(2), Hou Z(3). Author information: (1)Department of Reproductive Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Province, Cangzhou City, China. Email: gjf15350771296@outlook.com. (2)Department of Reproductive Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Province, Cangzhou City, China. (3)Department of Gynecology, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Hebei Province, Cangzhou City, China. OBJECTIVE: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most important causes of infertility, irregular menstrual cycles, and anovulation in women. The current study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of Althaea officinalis L. (A. officinale) extract on PCOS in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this experimental study, 70 rats in 7 groups (n=10/group) were studied for three weeks as follows; healthy control (HC), patient (PCOS), metformin (PCOS+MET), A. officinale treatment (PCOS+250 and 500 mg/kg A. officinale) and synergistic (PCOS+MET+250 and 500 mg/kg A. officinale) groups. Luteinizing hormone (LH), folliclestimulating hormone (FSH), progesterone (P) and testosterone (T) levels as well as inflammatory cytokines were measured. Total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation levels were analyzed in ovarian tissue. The expression of GLUT-4, AKT, PI3K, PTEN genes and Ki-67 was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS: A. officinale alone and especially in combination with MET moderated inflammatory and antioxidant parameters compared to the PCOS and MET groups. A. officinale in synergistic groups increased the apoptosis of granulosa cells by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway, resulting in a rise in the number of Ki-67 positive cells (P<0.05). Furthermore, following A. officinale treatment the LH/FSH rate decreased and FSH and P increased (P<0.05). Also, A. officinale extract could effectively normalize estrus cycle duration close to the normal group. CONCLUSION: The extract of A. officinale, in combination with metformin, can enhance the hypothalamic-pituitaryovary (HPO) axis with synergistic anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Additionally, the extract showed apoptotic effect on cystic granulosa cells. DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2024.2026329.1550 PMID: 39380478
11. Mycologia. 2024 Nov-Dec;116(6):915-935. doi: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2395697. Epub 2024 Oct 7. First European records of Puccinia modiolae and P. platyspora, two native South American rust fungi, and new observations on their life cycle and morphology. Berndt R(1), Otálora MAG(1), Angulo M(2), Zamora JC(3). Author information: (1)Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, Zürich 8092, Switzerland. (2)Faculty of Sciences, Sciences III, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, Genève 4 1211, Switzerland. (3)Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de Genève, Chemin de l'Impératrice 1, P.O. Box 71, Chambésy-Genève 1292, Switzerland. This paper reports the South American rust fungi Puccinia modiolae and P. platyspora (Pucciniales/Uredinales) as new alien species of the European rust funga. Puccinia modiolae is presently known from Switzerland and Germany, P. platyspora from Switzerland, Germany, and France. The records of P. platyspora are the first ones from outside South America. The specimens were identified by teliospore characters and sequences of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (internal transcribed spacer 2 and domains D1-D2 of the nuclear ribosomal large subunit) and the mitochondrial CO3 (cytochrome c oxidase III) gene. Puccinia modiolae and P. platyspora have been recorded so far in Europe on members of the genera Alcea, predominantly on Alcea rosea, Althaea, and Malva of the Malvaceae, subfam. Malvoideae. Alcea rosea is host of both species and shared also with the common mallow rust, P. malvacearum, allowing for mixed infections. The plant is commonly grown as an ornamental and may play a major role for the spread of the alien Malvaceae rust fungi. It was observed for the first time that P. platyspora can produce spermogonia and aecidium-type aecia, suggesting phenotypic plasticity regarding the formation of spore states. The observed spermogonia mainly remained closed and did not liberate spermatia. They produced telio- and aeciospores besides spermatia in their cavity and eventually converted entirely into telia or, rarely, into aecidium-like sori. Small clusters of aeciospores and peridial cells were commonly found hidden in the telial plectenchyma, and well-developed aecidium-type aecia provided with a peridium developed rarely in the center of mature telia. Spermogonia belonging to group V type 4 were found in P. malvacearum, which is generally supposed to lack spermogonia. Some spermogonia produced only spermatia in their cavity; others formed spermatia and teliospores, and some eventually converted into telia. DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2395697 PMID: 39374447 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
12. Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Oct;277(Pt 3):134274. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134274. Epub 2024 Jul 31. Assessing physicochemical characteristics of a shear-thinning polysaccharide mucilage extracted from marshmallow root (Althaea officinalis L.) by an ohmic heating system. Rownaghi M(1), Niakousari M(2). Author information: (1)Department of Food Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. (2)Department of Food Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. Electronic address: niakosar@shirazu.ac.ir. Althaea officinalis L. root mucilage holds promise for food industries due to its functional properties. Despite various extraction techniques, ohmic systems remain underexplored for mucilage extraction. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of mucilage extraction using ohmic systems with maceration and investigate their physicochemical properties. The mucilage extraction was carried out utilizing maceration (M), ohmic-assisted extraction (OAE), and ohmic-assisted vacuum extraction (OAVE). Various parameters were evaluated, such as densities and specific energy consumption. The mucilage obtained by OAE had the highest yield (8.9 %). The highest solubility corresponded to the mucilage obtained by the OAE system (85.18 % at 65 °C). OAVE mucilage had 76.16 % swelling and 82.5 g water/g dry sample binding capacity, while OAE mucilage had 19.6 g water/g dry sample binding capacity. The OAVE mucilage oil absorption (12.3 g oil/g dry sample) was almost twice that of the OAE system. Rheological analysis characterized them as a pseudoplastic behavior. DSC thermogram of mucilage samples exhibited a singular endothermic peak (92.05 to 108.3 °C). FTIR analysis highlighted that the primary constituents of mucilage samples predominantly consisted of polysaccharides. This study concluded that ohmic-assisted extraction was the most efficient method for obtaining mucilage. Further research could explore the potential applications of this mucilage. Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134274 PMID: 39094881 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
13. Marshmallow. Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; 2006–. 2024 May 15. Marshmallow (Althaea officinalis) root contains polysaccharide mucilage composed L-rhamnose, D-galactose, D-galacturonic acid, and D-glucuronic acid. Topical marshmallow preparations have been advocated for treating sore, cracked nipples[1] and breast pain.[2] Orally, marshmallow is a purported galactogogue,[3,4] and is included in some proprietary mixtures promoted to increase milk supply; however, no scientifically valid clinical trials support this use. Galactogogues should never replace evaluation and counseling on modifiable factors that affect milk production.[5,6] No data exist on the excretion of any components of marshmallow into breastmilk or on the safety and efficacy of marshmallow in nursing mothers or infants. Marshmallow is generally well tolerated in adults, with allergic reactions reported rarely. Marshmallow is "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) in amounts found in foods by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Although no data exist on the safety of marshmallow root during breastfeeding, it is unlikely to be harmful to the breastfed infant. Dietary supplements do not require extensive pre-marketing approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Manufacturers are responsible to ensure the safety, but do not need to prove the safety and effectiveness of dietary supplements before they are marketed. Dietary supplements may contain multiple ingredients, and differences are often found between labeled and actual ingredients or their amounts. A manufacturer may contract with an independent organization to verify the quality of a product or its ingredients, but that does not certify the safety or effectiveness of a product. Because of the above issues, clinical testing results on one product may not be applicable to other products. More detailed information about dietary supplements is available elsewhere on the LactMed Web site. PMID: 30000899
14. Int J Nanomedicine. 2024 Mar 27;19:3045-3070. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S455270. eCollection 2024. Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Althaea officinalis Flower Extract Coated with Chitosan for Potential Healing Effects on Diabetic Wounds by Inhibiting TNF-α and IL-6/IL-1β Signaling Pathways. Elhabal SF(1), Abdelaal N(2), Saeed Al-Zuhairy SAK(3), Elrefai MFM(4)(5), Elsaid Hamdan AM(6), Khalifa MM(7), Hababeh S(8), Khasawneh MA(9), Khamis GM(10), Nelson J(11), Mohie PM(10), Gad RA(12), Rizk A(13), Kabil SL(14), El-Ashery MK(15)(16), Jasti BR(17), Elzohairy NA(18)(19), Elnawawy T(20), Hassan FE(21)(22), El-Nabarawi MA(23). Author information: (1)Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Mokattam, Cairo, Egypt. (2)Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. (3)Department of Pharmacy, Kut University College, Kut, Wasit, Iraq. (4)Department of Anatomy, Histology, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan. (5)Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. (6)Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. (7)Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. (8)Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. (9)Department of Chemistry, College of Science U.A.E. University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates. (10)Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. (11)Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt. (12)Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt. (13)Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agricultural, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt. (14)Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt. (15)Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. (16)Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University, Ras-Sedr, South Sinai, Egypt. (17)Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA. (18)Air Force Specialized Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. (19)Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Mokattam, Cairo, Egypt. (20)Department of Pharmaceutics, Egyptian Drug Authority, Cairo, Egypt. (21)Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. (22)General Medicine Practice Program, Department of Physiology, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. (23)Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. BACKGROUND: Diabetes Mellitus is a multisystem chronic pandemic, wound inflammation, and healing are still major issues for diabetic patients who may suffer from ulcers, gangrene, and other wounds from uncontrolled chronic hyperglycemia. Marshmallows or Althaea officinalis (A.O.) contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and phenolics that support wound healing via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. Our study aimed to develop a combination of eco-friendly formulations of green synthesis of ZnO-NPs by Althaea officinalis extract and further incorporate them into 2% chitosan (CS) gel. METHOD AND RESULTS: First, develop eco-friendly green Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and incorporate them into a 2% chitosan (CS) gel. In-vitro study performed by UV-visible spectrum analysis showed a sharp peak at 390 nm, and Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry showed a peak of zinc and oxygen. Besides, Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) was used to qualitatively validate biosynthesized ZnO-NPs, and transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed spherical nanoparticles with mean sizes of 76 nm and Zeta potential +30mV. The antibacterial potential of A.O.-ZnO-NPs-Cs was examined by the diffusion agar method against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Based on the zone of inhibition and minimal inhibitory indices (MIC). In addition, an in-silico study investigated the binding affinity of A.O. major components to the expected biological targets that may aid wound healing. Althaea Officinalis, A.O-ZnO-NPs group showed reduced downregulation of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α and increased IL-10 levels compared to the control group signaling pathway expression levels confirming the improved anti-inflammatory effect of the self-assembly method. In-vivo study and histopathological analysis revealed the superiority of the nanoparticles in reducing signs of inflammation and wound incision in rat models. CONCLUSION: These biocompatible green zinc oxide nanoparticles, by using Althaea Officinalis chitosan gel ensure an excellent new therapeutic approach for quickening diabetic wound healing. © 2024 Elhabal et al. DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S455270 PMCID: PMC10981898 PMID: 38559447 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest in this work.
15. Sci Rep. 2024 Mar 4;14(1):5293. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-56057-7. The comprehensive strategy in the human health risk assessment of total chromium impurities in cough syrups with Marshmallow Root (Althaea officinalis) available in Polish pharmacies: regulatory aspects and special emphasis on Cr(VI) mode of action. Jurowski K(1)(2), Krośniak M(3). Author information: (1)Laboratory of Innovative Toxicological Research and Analyses, Institute of Medical Studies, MedicalCollege, Rzeszo´w University, Al. mjr. W. Kopisto 2a, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland. toksykologia@ur.edu.pl. (2)Department of Regulatory and Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Medical Expertises, ul. Aleksandrowska 67/93, 91-205, Lodz, Poland. toksykologia@ur.edu.pl. (3)Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland. Chromium, which can currently only be considered pharmacologically active and not an essential element, is a very intriguing elemental impurity in final pharmaceutical products, especially traditional herbal medicinal products. This kind of traditional herbal medicinal product with Marshmallow root (Althaea officinalis L., radix) registered in the EU is widely used among the European population. The aim of this article is to propose a double regulatory strategy in assessing the human health risk of total chromium impurities in cough syrups with Marshmallow Root (Althaea officinalis) available in Polish pharmacies. We applied the strategy based on the requirements of the ICH Q3D (R1) guideline for the assessment of Cr impurities in final traditional herbal medicinal products with Marshmallow Root registered in the EU. Furthermore, we applied the strategy based on the concept of margin of exposure (MoE) considering Cr(VI) genotoxicity mode of action (MOA) and based on BMD10 for Cr(VI) as a point of departure (PoD). The total Cr content was in the range: 1.12-9.61 µg/L (in comparison with the ICH Q3D R1 guidelines: 1100 µg/g). Total Cr levels in a single dose were relatively high compared to raw results, but were not a threat to patients. Comparison of estimated results with oral PDE value for Cr in final drugs suggested by the ICH Q3D R1 guideline (10,700 µg/day) show that all the products analyzed were below this value (the highest result was 278.40 ng/day). Despite conservative assumptions, the MoE values obtained for Cr in daily dose for each Marshmallow Root cough syrup were above 10,000; therefore, exposure to Cr would not cause a health risk for specific population groups (children and adults). It can be summarized that each of the phytopharmaceuticals analysed with Marshmallow root available in Polish pharmacies does not represent a health hazard to patients. We confirm the safety of Cr impurities by applying a double regulatory strategy without the application of an expansive and demanding HPLC-ICP-MS technique for Cr speciation. © 2024. The Author(s). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56057-7 PMCID: PMC10912266 PMID: 38438482 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no competing interests.
16. J Clin Med. 2023 Sep 7;12(18):5813. doi: 10.3390/jcm12185813. Effectiveness and Tolerability of Ectoin(®) Mouth and Throat Spray Althaea Honey (ERS09) for Sore Throat due to Acute Pharyngitis and Dry Cough: A Multicentre, Actively Controlled, Open Label Study in Germany. Roventa DLC(1), Pieper-Fürst U(2), Acikel C(2), Santos D(3), Sent U(3), Mösges R(1)(2). Author information: (1)Institute of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics (IMSB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany. (2)ClinCompetence Cologne GmbH, Theodor-Heuss-Ring 14, 50668 Cologne, Germany. (3)Sanofi, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany. Acute pharyngitis can cause sore throat. This multicentre, active-controlled, randomised, open-label, and parallel-group study, conducted according to the German Medical Devices Act, compared the effectiveness and tolerability of ERS09 mouth and throat spray with a well-established device for the treatment of sore throat caused by acute pharyngitis and dry cough. Patients were randomised 1:1 into ERS09/comparator groups (EMSER® Sore Throat Spray) for 7 ± 2 days. Patients and investigators reported effectiveness (change in total symptom score [TSS]) and safety endpoints (incidence of adverse events [AEs]; adverse device effects [ADEs]). A total of 186 patients were included (ERS09: n = 92; comparator: n = 94). The baseline-adjusted mean TSS over 7 days was -90.14 and -74.91 in the ERS09 and comparator groups, respectively (p < 0.05). The majority of patients reached a 50% reduction in symptoms by day 6 (ERS09 = 78.85; comparator = 75.8%). Most patients reported a soothing effect within five minutes (ERS09 = 82%; comparator = 71%). Improvements in individual symptoms were similar with no significant differences between groups; more patients in the ERS09 group reported an improvement in pharyngeal redness/swelling. Three AEs unrelated to medication, one ADE following ERS09, and no serious AE/ADE were reported. ERS09 was as well tolerated and effective as the established device, showing greater improvement in the management of some symptoms and greater patient preference. DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185813 PMCID: PMC10531782 PMID: 37762768 Conflict of interest statement: U.S. and D.S. are employees of Sanofi and may hold shares and/or stock options in the company. D.L.C.R., U.P.-F., and C.A. have no relevant financial interests to disclose. R.M. reports personal fees from Sanofi and research funds and non-financial support from Bitop AG during the conduct of the study; personal fees from ALK, research funds from ASIT biotech, personal fees from allergopharma, personal fees from Allergy Therapeutics, research funds and personal fees from Bencard, research funds from Leti, research funds, personal fees, and non-financial support from Lofarma, non-financial support from Roxall, research funds and personal fees from Stallergenes, research funds from Optima, personal fees from Friulchem, personal fees from Hexal, personal fees from Servier, personal fees from Klosterfrau, non-financial support from Atmos, personal fees from Bayer, non-financial support from Bionorica, personal fees from FAES, personal fees from GSK, personal fees from MSD, personal fees from Johnson&Johnson, personal fees from Meda, personal fees and non-financial support from Novartis, non-financial support from Otonomy, personal fees from Stada, personal fees from UCB, non-financial support from Ferrero, research funding from Hulka, personal fees from Nuvo, research funding from Ursapharm, personal fees from Menarini, personal fees from Mundipharma, personal fees from Pohl-Boskamp, and research funding from Inmunotek outside the submitted work.
17. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed. 2023 Dec;34(17):2356-2375. doi: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2247879. Epub 2023 Aug 31. Design, optimization, and characterization of Althaea officinalis-loaded transliposomes for the treatment of atopic dermatitis: a Box Behnken Design, in vitro, and ex vivo study. Albratty M(1). Author information: (1)Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia. A chronic skin disorder called atopic dermatitis (AD) is brought on by the deterioration of the skin's barrier function marked by inflammation, dryness, and bacterial infection along with immunological changes. Althaea officinalis (AO), known for its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, has been explored as a potential treatment for AD. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel transliposomes (TL) formulation containing AO for AD treatment. Using rotary evaporation, AO-TL formulations were created and optimized employing Box Behnken Design. The optimized AO-TL formulation showed consistent characteristics: vesicle size of 145.8 nm, polydispersity index of 0.201, zeta potential of -28.22 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 86.21%. TEM imaging shows the spherical shapes of the vesicle. These findings demonstrate the formulation's stability and ability to encapsulate AO effectively. In vitro drug release studies revealed that the AO-TL formulation released 81.28% of the drug, outperforming conventional AO dispersion (56.80%). Additionally, when applied to rat skin, the TL gel demonstrated deeper penetration (30 μm) in comparison to the standard solution (5.0 μm) based on confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Ex vivo and dermatokinetics studies showed improved penetration of drug-loaded transliposomes gel in rat skin than the conventional AO gel. Overall, the optimized AO-TL formulation offers promising characteristics and performance for the topical treatment of AD. Its drug release, antioxidant activity, and deeper penetration suggest enhanced therapeutic effects. Further research and clinical trials are needed to validate its efficacy and safety in AD patients. DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2247879 PMID: 37622439 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
18. Food Sci Nutr. 2023 May 26;11(8):4756-4772. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.3455. eCollection 2023 Aug. Protective effects of Althaea officinalis L. extract against N-diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in male Wistar rats through antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, mitochondrial apoptosis and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Wang Z(1), Jiang X(1), Zhang L(1), Chen H(1). Author information: (1)Department of General Surgery 905th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy Shanghai P.R. China. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fourth cause of death due to cancer and includes 90% of liver tumors. Therefore, in this study, it was tried to show that Althaea officinalis L. flower extract (ALOF) can protect hepatocytes against N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Totally, 70 Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (n = 10/group) of sham, DEN, treatment with silymarin (SIL; DEN + SIL), treatment with ALOF (DEN + 250 and 500 ALOF), and cotreatment with SIL and ALOF (DEN + SIL + 250 and 500 ALOF). At the end of the study, the serum levels of liver indices (albumin, total protein, bilirubin, C-reactive protein, ALT, AST, and ALP), inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, and TNF-α), and oxidants parameters (glutathione peroxidase [GPx], superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT] activity along with nitric oxide [NO] levels) were evaluated. The level of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, p53, PI3K, mTOR, and AKT genes were measured. ALOF in cotreatment with SIL was able to regulate liver biochemical parameters, improve serum antioxidant indices, and decrease the level of proinflammatory cytokines significantly (p < .05). ALOF extract in both doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg in cotreatment with SIL caused a significant (p < .05) decrease in the p53-positive cells and a significant (p < .05) increase in Bcl-2-positive cells. Therefore, ALOF was able to modulate the proliferation of cancer cells and protect normal cells through the regulation of Bax/Bcl-2/p53 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. It seems that ALOF can be used as a prodrug or complementary treatment in the protection of hepatocytes in induced damages caused by carcinogens. © 2023 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3455 PMCID: PMC10420783 PMID: 37576045 Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they do not have any conflict of interest.
19. Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Jul 1;242(Pt 4):125098. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125098. Epub 2023 May 26. Isolation, structural properties, and bioactivities of polysaccharides from Althaea officinalis Linn.: A review. Xue T(1), Ruan K(2), Tang Z(3), Duan J(4), Xu H(5). Author information: (1)Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083 Xianyang, PR China. (2)The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Xi'an New Area Central Hospital), Xi'an 710075, PR China. Electronic address: 1301656148@qq.com. (3)Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083 Xianyang, PR China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China. Electronic address: tzs6565@163.com. (4)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China. Electronic address: dja@njutcm.edu.cn. (5)Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083 Xianyang, PR China. Electronic address: xhb2005@sntcm.edu.cn. Althaea officinalis Linn. (AO) is a widely distributed herbaceous plant with a long history of medicinal and food functions in Europe and Western Asia. Althaea officinalis polysaccharide (AOP), as one of the main components and a crucial bioactive substance of AO, has a variety of pharmacological activities, including antitussive, antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, wound healing, immunomodulatory, and infertility therapy effects. Many polysaccharides have been successfully obtained in the last five decades from AO. However, there is currently no review available concerning AOP. Considering the importance of AOP for biological study and drug discovery, the present review aims to systematically summarize the recent major studies on extraction and purification methods of polysaccharides from different AO parts (seeds, roots, leaves and flowers), as well as the characterization of their chemical structure, biological activity, structure-activity relationship, and the application of AOP in different fields. Meanwhile, the shortcomings of AOP research are further discussed in detail, and new valuable insights for future AOP research as therapeutic agents and functional foods are proposed. Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125098 PMID: 37245776 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of competing interest This is no conflict of interest for all authors. We have read the manuscript and have agreed to submit it in its current form for consideration for publication in the journal
20. Molecules. 2023 May 18;28(10):4158. doi: 10.3390/molecules28104158. Determination of Multiple Neurotransmitters through LC-MS/MS to Confirm the Therapeutic Effects of Althaea rosea Flower on TTX-Intoxicated Rats. Wang Y(1), Zheng R(1)(2), Wu P(1), Wu Y(1), Huang L(1), Huang L(1). Author information: (1)School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China. (2)Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Physical and Chemical Analysis Department, Fuzhou 350001, China. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) inhibits neurotransmission in animals, and there is no specific antidote. In clinical practice in China, Althaea rosea (A. rosea flower) extract has been used to treat TTX poisoning. In this work, the efficacy of the ethyl acetate fraction extract of A. rosea flower in treating TTX poisoning in rats was investigated. A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed to determine nine neurotransmitters in rat brain tissue, including γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), noradrenaline (NE), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), epinephrine (E), and tyramine (Tyn). The detoxifying effect of A. rosea flower was verified by comparing the changes in neurotransmitters' content in brain tissue before and after poisoning in rats. The assay was performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The quantification method was performed by plotting an internal-standard working curve with good linearity (R2 > 0.9941) and sensitivity. Analyte recoveries were 94.04-107.53% (RSD < 4.21%). Results indicated that the levels of 5-HT, DA, E, and NE in the brains of TTX-intoxicated rats decreased, whereas the levels of GABA, Tyn, and 5-HIAA showed an opposite trend, and HVA and DOPAC were not detected. The levels of all seven neurotransmitters returned to normal after the gavage administration of ethyl acetate extract of A. rosea flower to prove that the ethyl acetate extract of A. rosea flower had a therapeutic effect on TTX poisoning. The work provided new ideas for studies on TTX detoxification. DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104158 PMCID: PMC10223091 PMID: 37241898 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
21. Curr Res Food Sci. 2025 Mar 7;10:101027. doi: 10.1016/j.crfs.2025.101027. eCollection 2025. Cold plasma-induced structural and thermal enhancements in marshmallow root mucilage-gelatin aerogels. Rownaghi M(1), Keramat-Jahromi M(2), Golmakani MT(1), Niakousari M(1). Author information: (1)Department of Food Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. (2)Department of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. Aerogels are highly regarded for their low density and large surface area, attracting significant attention due to their diverse applications. This study explored nitrogen cold plasma's impact on the structure and thermal stability of mucilage-gelatin aerogels (MGA). Aerogels were prepared using marshmallow root mucilage and gelatin in a 1:1 ratio and gelatin-only as a blank under different pH conditions (5 and 7). Rheological and texture analyses identified pH 7 as optimal. Aerogels at pH 7 were then exposed to cold plasma for varying durations (0, 3, and 6 min). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed enhanced thermal stability and structural changes with increased plasma exposure. Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed functional group changes, and contact angle measurements showed that 3 min of plasma treatment increased hydrophilicity (88.37-82.05°), while 6 min enhanced hydrophobicity in 1:1 MGA (93.27°). BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) analyses of the MGA samples revealed changes in surface area (2.9-4.33 m2/g after 3 min of plasma) and BJH (Barrett-Joyner-Halenda) pore volume (0.004-0.02 cm3/g), with a complex trend over time. This study highlights nitrogen cold plasma's potential to enhance mucilage-based biopolymer aerogels, paving the way for advanced materials via optimized treatments. © 2025 The Authors. DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2025.101027 PMCID: PMC11951209 PMID: 40161309 Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
22. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2019 Jun;71(6):971-981. doi: 10.1111/jphp.13078. Epub 2019 Feb 19. Intra-articular mucilages: behavioural and histological evaluations for a new model of articular pain. Micheli L(1), Ghelardini C(1), Lucarini E(1), Parisio C(1), Trallori E(1), Cinci L(1), Di Cesare Mannelli L(1). Author information: (1)NEUROFARBA - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. OBJECTIVES: The creation of a new valid preclinical model of articular pain by the intra-articular (i.a.) injection of mucilages for the screening of new treatments against arthritis. METHODS: A single intra-articular injection (20 μl) of mucilages (from Althaea officinalis roots and Linum usitatissimun seeds) or vegetal components (Amorphophallus konjac gum powder and β-glucan, used as reference standard) were assessed in the rat. The pathology progression was monitored by behavioural measurements (paw pressure test, von Frey test, incapacitance test and beam balance test) and compared to that induced by the i.a. injections of monoiodioacetate (MIA) and Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA), well-recognized models of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, respectively. KEY FINDINGS: Among all, the mucilage of L. usitatissimun showed the best pro-algic profile inducing a painful long-lasting condition. Hypersensitivity was characterized as a mixed form of inflammatory and neuropathic pain by the responsiveness to ibuprofen (100 mg/kg, p.o.) and pregabalin (30 mg/kg, p.o.). The histological evaluation of joint showed a damage that represents both MIA and CFA features. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, a single i.a. injection of L. usitatissimun mucilage can represent a valid model to assess articular pain in the rat for the screening of new treatments against arthritis. © 2019 Royal Pharmaceutical Society. DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13078 PMID: 30784067 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
23. Pharm Biol. 2011 Mar;49(3):327-33. doi: 10.3109/13880209.2010.516754. Epub 2011 Feb 1. Pharmacological evaluation of aqueous extract of Althaea officinalis flower grown in Lebanon. Hage-Sleiman R(1), Mroueh M, Daher CF. Author information: (1)Lebanese American University, School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Byblos, Lebanon. CONTEXT: Althaea officinalis Linn. (Malvaideae) flower is commonly used in folk medicine in Lebanon and neighboring countries. Although most of the studies have been conducted on the mucilage-rich roots, little is known about the flower. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the potential role of aqueous extract of Althaea officinalis flower in lipemia, gastric ulcer, inflammation, and platelet aggregation using the rat model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Blood lipid profile and liver function were assessed after 1 month of extract intake via drinking water. Anti-inflammatory activity was tested against acute and chronic inflammation induced by carrageenan and formalin, respectively. Antiulcer activity was evaluated using ethanol-induced gastric ulcer. Antiplatelet activity was investigated in vitro using the adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation bioassay. RESULTS: The 50 mg/kg body weight dose resulted in significant increase in serum HDL cholesterol level with no effects on stool cholesterol and triacylglycerol. Increasing the dose to 500 mg/kg body weight caused a significant decrease in stool water content. No adverse effect on liver enzymes was observed. Significant anti-inflammatory (acute and chronic inflammation) and antiulcerogenic activities were observed at all used doses (50, 100, and 250 mg/kg body). Time-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation was demonstrated at 500 µg/ml concentration. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The aqueous extract of Althaea officinalis flower demonstrated potential benefits in lipemia, inflammation, gastric ulcer, and platelet aggregation with no visible adverse effect. DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2010.516754 PMID: 21281251 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
24. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2005 Dec;12(6):328-32. doi: 10.1159/000088934. Epub 2005 Dec 22. Open trial to assess aspects of safety and efficacy of a combined herbal cough syrup with ivy and thyme. Büechi S(1), Vögelin R, von Eiff MM, Ramos M, Melzer J. Author information: (1)Phytocon GmbH, Trogen, Switzerland. sb@phytocon.ch Comment in Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2005 Dec;12(6):312-3. doi: 10.1159/000089829. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Changes in the symptoms of cough after treatment with a combined herbal preparation containing dry ivy leaf extract as main active ingredient, decoction of thyme and aniseed, and mucilage of marshmallow root (Weleda Hustenelixier, new formulation) and its tolerability were investigated in an open clinical trial ('Anwendungsbeleg'). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January and March 2004, 13 general practitioners recruited and treated 62 patients with a mean age of 50 years (range 16-89). The patients had irritating cough in consequence of common cold (n = 29), bronchitis (n = 20) or respiratory tract diseases with formation of viscous mucus (n = 15). The mean daily intake was 10 ml (range 7.5-15) of syrup, and the mean duration of treatment was 12 days (range 3-23 days). Treatment results were assessed on the basis of changes in the symptom scores for cough and expectoration. Safety was evaluated by means of an analysis of adverse events. In addition, efficacy and tolerability were analyzed from the judgments of the doctors and patients. RESULTS: At the final visit, all symptom scores showed an improvement as compared to baseline. Doctors and patients assessed efficacy as good or very good in 86% and 90% of the cases, respectively. Tolerability was assessed as good or very good by 97% of the doctors and patients. Only one adverse event was reported. However, a relation to the medication was classified to be unlikely. CONCLUSION: Considering the traditional use of ivy leaves, thyme herb, aniseed and marshmallow root in preparations for cough, the reduction in the symptom score as well as the good tolerability the investigated combined herbal cough syrup seems to alleviate cough in consequence of common cold, bronchitis or respiratory tract diseases with formation of mucus. DOI: 10.1159/000088934 PMID: 16391481 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
25. Medicina (Kaunas). 2005;41(6):500-5. [Development of cough-relieving herbal teas]. [Article in Lithuanian] Puodziūniene G(1), Janulis V, Milasius A, Budnikas V. Author information: (1)Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Kaunas University of Medicine, A. Mickeviciaus 9, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania. farmakog@kmu.lt Cough-relieving medicinal herbs in tea are used from ancient times. Mucilage present in them or secretion produced under the influence of the active substances covers the oral and throat mucosa soothing its irritability and relieving dry, tiresome cough. It is known that the mixtures of medicinal herbs (Specias) have a complex influence on the human organism and the rational combination of medicinal herbs can improve their curative action and decrease the undesirable side effects. Having summarized the properties of those medicinal herbs we decided to create two formulations of cough-relieving herbal tea. The first formulation consists of marshmallow roots, liquorice roots and lime flowers, the second -- of marshmallow roots, Iceland moss and lime flowers. The methods for identification and assay of the active substances in the compounds were applied. The purity of the mixtures was regulated by limitation of the loss on drying, total ash, microbial contamination, contamination with radionuclides, heavy metals, pesticides and foreign matter. The expiry date of both cough-relieving herbal teas was approved to be 2 years. PMID: 15998989 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
26. An Real Acad Farm. 1962 Oct;28:159-74. [Interfacial properties of various mucilages of pharmaceutical use. VI. Mucilage of Althaea root]. [Article in Spanish] CADORNIGA R. PMID: 14017633 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
⚠️ 면책 고지
이 정보는 일반 교육 목적이며 의료 진단/처방을 대체하지 않습니다.