피지움 (전립선)

Effect of Pygeum africanum extract on A23187-stimulated production of lipoxygenase metabolites from human polymorphonuclear cells.

1. J Lipid Mediat Cell Signal. 1994 May;9(3):285-90. Effect of Pygeum africanum extract on A23187-stimulated production of lipoxygenase metabolites from human polymorphonuclear cells. Paubert-Braquet M(1), Cave A, Hocquemiller R, Delacroix D, Dupont C, Hedef N, Borgeat P. Author information: (1

Benign prostate hyperplasia and nutrition.

2. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2019 Oct;33:5-11. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.07.015. Epub 2019 Aug 12. Benign prostate hyperplasia and nutrition. Das K(1), Buchholz N(2). Author information: (1)U-merge Ltd. (Urology for Emerging Countries), London UK; Dept. of Urology, Bahrain Specialist Hospital, Bahrain.

[Phytotherapy in urology. Current scientific evidence of its application in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate adenocarcinoma].

3. Actas Urol Esp. 2013 Feb;37(2):114-9. doi: 10.1016/j.acuro.2012.07.005. Epub 2012 Oct 8. [Phytotherapy in urology. Current scientific evidence of its application in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate adenocarcinoma]. [Article in Spanish] Morán E(1), Budía A, Broseta E, Boronat F. Aut

Benign prostatic hyperplasia and male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

4. BMJ Clin Evid. 2011 Aug 26;2011:1801. Benign prostatic hyperplasia and male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). McNicholas T(1), Kirby R. Author information: (1)and Visiting Professor, Faculty of Health and Human Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK. INTRODUCTION: Lower urina

Pygeum africanum for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

5. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;1998(1):CD001044. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001044. Pygeum africanum for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Wilt T(1), Ishani A, Mac Donald R, Rutks I, Stark G. Author information: (1)General Internal Medicine (111-0), Minneapolis VA/VISN 13 Center for Chronic Disea

Pygeum africanum for the treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis.

6. Am J Med. 2000 Dec 1;109(8):654-64. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(00)00604-5. Pygeum africanum for the treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis. Ishani A(1), MacDonald R, Nelson D, Rutks I, Wilt TJ. Author information: (1)Minneapoli

[Phytotherapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Current evidence-based evaluation].

1. Urologe A. 2002 Sep;41(5):447-51. doi: 10.1007/s00120-002-0234-y. [Phytotherapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Current evidence-based evaluation]. [Article in German] Dreikorn K(1), Berges R, Pientka L, Jonas U. Author information: (1)Urologische Klinik, Zentralkrankenhaus, St.-Jürgen-Str., 28205 Bremen. Dreikorn@Uni-Bremen.de Despite its popularity as a medication in various European countries or as a nutritional supplement in the United States, the role of plant extracts for the treatment of LUTS due to BPH remains controversial. Only a few randomized clinical trials that meet standard criteria of evidence-based medicine but with relatively short follow-up times and some meta-analyses mainly regarding Serenoa repens and Pygeum Africanum as well as more recent studies on pumpkin seeds have shown clinical effects and good tolerability. To better judge the therapeutic potential of these plant extracts, additional randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials with sufficient follow-up are needed. DOI: 10.1007/s00120-002-0234-y PMID: 12426861 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

The role of phytotherapy in treating lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic hyperplasia.

2. World J Urol. 2002 Apr;19(6):426-35. doi: 10.1007/s00345-002-0247-6. The role of phytotherapy in treating lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Dreikorn K(1). Author information: (1)Urologische Klinik, Zentralkrankenhaus Sankt-Jürgen-Strasse, Bremen, Germany. dreikorn@uni-bremen.de Despite their traditional popularity in many European countries and their increasing use as dietary supplements in the United States, the role of phytotherapeutic agents in treating lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is continuously debated. If strict criteria of evidence-based medicine are applied, the available data have not yet provided clear evidence of efficacy for most phytotherapeutic preparations. Different extraction procedures used by the different manufacturers, the variations of the raw products (plants) used and the fact that the potentially active component(s) of the final product and its (their) mechanism(s) of action are still under investigation make comparisons between the various products impossible. Thus, one product might have clinical efficacy while another might not. Therefore, as long as the composition of the final product of the various preparations is not proven to be identical, each manufacturer's preparation must be evaluated separately, using the gold standard of placebo-controlled studies according to accepted guidelines. Conclusions of meta-analyses that include products from different plants undergoing different extraction procedures and that are used in different dosages may be misleading. A number of short-term randomised trials and some metaanalyses in the recent literature suggest clinical efficacy and good tolerability for some preparations, mainly extracts from Serenoa repens and also Pygeum africanum, products with high concentrations of beta-sitosterol, and pumpkin seeds. It is also claimed that the efficacy of an extract from S. repens is comparable to that of finasteride and alpha-blockers. However, as has been demanded by the International Consultations on BPH, additional randomised, placebo-controlled trials are needed before phytotherapeutic agents can be recommended as an effective option in treating LUTS and BPH. DOI: 10.1007/s00345-002-0247-6 PMID: 12022711 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Phytotherapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

3. Public Health Nutr. 2000 Dec;3(4A):459-72. doi: 10.1017/s1368980000000549. Phytotherapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Wilt TJ(1), Ishani A, Rutks I, MacDonald R. Author information: (1)Minneapolis VA Center for Chronic Diseases Outcomes Research, MN 55417, USA. wilt.timothy@minneapolis.va.gov OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the existing evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of phytotherapeutic compounds used to treat men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). DESIGN: Randomized trials were identified searching MEDLINE (1966--1997), EMBASE, Phytodok, the Cochrane Library, bibliographies of identified trials and review articles, and contact with relevant authors and drug companies. The studies were included if men had symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia, the intervention was a phytotherapeutic preparation alone or combined, a control group received placebo or other pharmacologic therapies for BPH, and the treatment duration was at least 30 days. Key data were extracted independently by two investigators. RESULTS: A total of 44 studies of six phytotherapeutic agents (Serenoa repens, Hypoxis rooperi, Secale cereale, Pygeum africanum, Urtica dioica, Curcubita pepo) met inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Many studies did not report results in a method allowing meta-analysis. Serenoa repens, extracted from the saw palmetto, is the most widely used phytotherapeutic agent for BPH. A total of 18 trials involving 2939 men were reviewed. Compared with men receiving placebo, men taking Serenoa repens reported greater improvement of urinary tract symptoms and flow measures. Serenoa repens decreased nocturia (weighted mean difference (WMD) = -0.76 times per evening; 95% CI = -1.22 to -0.32; n = 10 studies) and improved peak urine flow (WMD = 1.93 ml s(-1); 95% CI = 0.72 to 3.14, n = 8 studies). Men treated with Serenoa repens rated greater improvement of their urinary tract symptoms versus men taking placebo (risk ratio of improvement = 1.72; 95% CI = 1.21 to 2.44, n = 8 studies). Improvement in symptoms of BPH was comparable to men receiving the finasteride. Hypoxis rooperi (n = 4 studies, 519 men) was also demonstrated to be effective in improving symptom scores and flow measures compared with placebo. For the two studies reporting the International Prostate Symptom Score, the WMD was -4.9 IPSS points (95% CI = -6.3 to -3.5, n = 2 studies) and the WMD for peak urine flow was 3.91 ml s(-1) (95% CI = 0.91 to 6.90, n = 4 studies). Secale cereale (n = 4 studies, 444 men) was found to modestly improve overall urological symptoms. Pygeum africanum (n = 17 studies, 900 men) may be a useful treatment option for BPH. However, review of the literature has found inadequate reporting of outcomes which currently limit the ability to estimate its safety and efficacy. The studies involving Urtica dioica and Curcubita pepo are limited although these agents may be effective combined with other plant extracts such as Serenoa and Pygeum. Adverse events due to phytotherapies were reported to be generally mild and infrequent. CONCLUSIONS: Randomized studies of Serenoa repens, alone or in combination with other plant extracts, have provided the strongest evidence for efficacy and tolerability in treatment of BPH in comparison with other phytotherapies. Serenoa repens appears to be a useful option for improving lower urinary tract symptoms and flow measures. Hypoxis rooperi and Secale cereale also appear to improve BPH symptoms although the evidence is less strong for these products. Pygeum africanum has been studied extensively but inadequate reporting of outcomes limits the ability to conclusively recommend it. There is no convincing evidence supporting the use of Urtica dioica or Curcubita pepo alone for treatment of BPH. Overall, phytotherapies are less costly, well tolerated and adverse events are generally mild and infrequent. Future randomized controlled trials using standardized preparations of phytotherapeutic agents with longer study durations are needed to determine their long-term effectiveness in the treatment of BPH. DOI: 10.1017/s1368980000000549 PMID: 11276294 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

A phase II randomised double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial investigating the efficacy and safety of ProstateEZE Max: a herbal medicine preparation for the management of symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy.

4. Complement Ther Med. 2013 Jun;21(3):172-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2013.01.007. Epub 2013 Feb 23. A phase II randomised double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial investigating the efficacy and safety of ProstateEZE Max: a herbal medicine preparation for the management of symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy. Coulson S(1), Rao A, Beck SL, Steels E, Gramotnev H, Vitetta L. Author information: (1)The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Centre for Integrative Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia. Comment in J Urol. 2014 Jul;192(1):164. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.04.053. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ProstateEZE Max, an orally dosed herbal preparation containing Cucurbita pepo, Epilobium parviflorum, lycopene, Pygeum africanum and Serenoa repens in the management of symptoms of medically diagnosed benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH). DESIGN: This was a short-term phase II randomized double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial. SETTING: The trial was conducted on 57 otherwise healthy males aged 40-80 years that presented with medically diagnosed BPH. INTERVENTION: The trial participants were assigned to receive 3 months of treatment (1 capsule per day) with either the herbal preparation (n = 32) or a matched placebo capsule (n = 25). OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was the international prostate specific score (IPSS) measured at baseline, 1, 2 and 3 months. The secondary outcomes were the specific questions of the IPSS and day-time and night-time urinary frequency. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in IPSS total median score in the active group of 36% as compared to 8% for the placebo group, during the 3-months intervention (p < 0.05). The day-time urinary frequency in the active group also showed a significant reduction over the 3-months intervention (7.0-5.9 times per day, a reduction of 15.6% compared to no significant reduction change for the placebo group (6.2-6.3 times per day) (p < 0.03). The night-time urinary frequency was also significantly reduced in the active group (2.9-1.8, 39.3% compared to placebo (2.8-2.6 times, 7%) (p < 0.004). CONCLUSION: The herbal preparation (ProstateEZE Max) was shown to be well tolerated and have a significant positive effect on physical symptoms of BPH when taken over 3 months, a clinically significant outcome in otherwise healthy men. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2013.01.007 PMID: 23642948 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Redesigning a large-scale clinical trial in response to negative external trial results: the CAMUS study of phytotherapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

5. Clin Trials. 2009 Dec;6(6):628-36. doi: 10.1177/1740774509352199. Epub 2009 Dec 9. Redesigning a large-scale clinical trial in response to negative external trial results: the CAMUS study of phytotherapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Lee J(1), Andriole G, Avins A, Crawford ED, Foster H, Kaplan S, Kreder K, Kusek J, McCullough A, McVary K, Meleth S, Naslund M, Nickel JC, Nyberg L, Roehrborn C, Dale Williams O, Barry M. Author information: (1)Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. jylee@uams.edu BACKGROUND: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a common condition among older men, confers its morbidity through potentially bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms. Treatments for BPH include drugs such as alpha-adrenergic receptor blockers and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, minimally invasive therapies that use heat to damage or destroy prostate tissue, and surgery including transurethral resection of the prostate. Complementary and alternative medicines are gaining popularity in the US. Two phytotherapies commonly used for BPH are extracts of the fruit of Serenoa repens, the Saw palmetto dwarf palm that grows in the Southeastern US, and extracts of the bark of Pygeum africanum, the African plum tree. PURPOSE: The objective of the Complementary and Alternative Medicines for Urological Symptoms (CAMUS) clinical trial is to determine if phytotherapy is superior to placebo in the treatment of BPH. METHODS: CAMUS was originally designed as a 3300-participant, four-arm trial of S. repens, P. africanum, an alpha-adrenergic blocking drug, and placebo with time to clinical progression of BPH, a measure of long-term efficacy, as the primary endpoint. Before enrollment started, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single institution clinical trial showed that S. repens at the usual dose did not demonstrate any benefit over placebo with respect to symptom relief at 1 year. Consequently, the focus of CAMUS shifted from evaluating long-term efficacy to determining if any short-term (6-18 months) symptom relief could be achieved with increasing doses of S. repens, the phytotherapy most commonly used in the US for BPH. RESULTS: Results are anticipated in 2011. CONCLUSIONS: Trial design occurs in an environment of continually evolving information. In this case, emerging results from another trial suggested that a study of long-term efficacy was premature, and that an effective dose and preparation of S. repens had to be established before proceeding to a long-term clinical trial. DOI: 10.1177/1740774509352199 PMCID: PMC3082919 PMID: 20007408 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Comparison of once and twice daily dosage forms of Pygeum africanum extract in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized, double-blind study, with long-term open label extension.

6. Urology. 1999 Sep;54(3):473-8. doi: 10.1016/s0090-4295(99)00147-8. Comparison of once and twice daily dosage forms of Pygeum africanum extract in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized, double-blind study, with long-term open label extension. Chatelain C(1), Autet W, Brackman F. Author information: (1)Department of Urology, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, Paris, France. OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of Pygeum africanum extract, 50 mg twice daily and 100 mg once daily. METHODS: Patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) entered a 2-month randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, comparative phase (group A, 50 mg twice daily; group B, 100 mg once daily), followed by a 10-month, open phase (100 mg once daily). Main efficacy assessment parameters included International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QOL), and maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax). RESULTS: Two hundred nine patients completed the comparative phase in compliance with the protocol; 174 were included in the open phase. Both treatments had similar efficacy. IPSS (baseline 17 in both groups) improved by 38% in group A and 35% in group B. QOL improved by 28% in both groups. Qmax increased by 1.63 mL/s (16%) in group A and 2.02 mL/s (19%) in group B. After 12 months, the IPSS fell from 16 (baseline) to 9 (-46%). Half of the patients had an IPSS below 8. Mean Qmax increased by 1.65 mUs (15%). The safety profile was similar between groups and study phases. CONCLUSIONS: P. africanum extract at 50 mg twice daily and 100 mg once daily proved equally effective and safe at 2 months. Further improvements in efficacy with a satisfactory safety profile were documented after 12 months. DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(99)00147-8 PMID: 10475357 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Combined extracts of Urtica dioica and Pygeum africanum in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: double-blind comparison of two doses.

7. Clin Ther. 1993 Nov-Dec;15(6):1011-20. Combined extracts of Urtica dioica and Pygeum africanum in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: double-blind comparison of two doses. Krzeski T(1), Kazón M, Borkowski A, Witeska A, Kuczera J. Author information: (1)Warsaw School of Medicine, Poland. The 134 patients (aged 53 to 84 years) with symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia were drawn from two medical centers in Warsaw. The patients were randomly assigned to receive two capsules of the standard dose of an urtica/pygeum preparation (300 mg of Urtica dioica root extract combined with 25 mg of Pygeum africanum bark extract) or two capsules containing half the standard dose twice daily for 8 weeks. After 28 days' treatment, urine flow, residual urine, and nycturia were significantly reduced in both treatment groups. After 56 days' treatment, further significant decreases were found in residual urine (half-dose group) and in nycturia (both groups). There were no between-group differences in these measures of efficacy. Five patients reported adverse effects of treatment; treatment was not discontinued in any patient because of side effects. It is concluded that half doses of the urtica/pygeum extract are as safe and effective as the recommended full doses. PMID: 7509261 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

[Efficacy of Pygeum africanum extract in the medical therapy of urination disorders due to benign prostatic hyperplasia: evaluation of objective and subjective parameters. A placebo-controlled double-blind multicenter study].

8. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1990 Nov 23;102(22):667-73. [Efficacy of Pygeum africanum extract in the medical therapy of urination disorders due to benign prostatic hyperplasia: evaluation of objective and subjective parameters. A placebo-controlled double-blind multicenter study]. [Article in German] Barlet A(1), Albrecht J, Aubert A, Fischer M, Grof F, Grothuesmann HG, Masson JC, Mazeman E, Mermon R, Reichelt H, et al. Author information: (1)Laboratoires Debat, Paris, Frankreich. The efficacy of an extract of Pygeum africanum in the treatment of micturitional disorders due to benign prostatic hyperplasia was tested in a multicentre double-blind trial versus placebo. Capsules containing 50 mg of Pygeum africanum extract or placebo were administered at a dosage of 1 capsule in the morning and 1 capsule in the evening over a period of 60 days. 263 patients were included in this study, which was carried out in 8 centres in Germany, France, and Austria. Evaluation was mainly based on quantitative parameters such as residual urine, uroflowmetry and the precise monitoring of diurnal and nocturnal pollakiuria. Treatment with the Pygeum africanum extract led to a marked clinical improvement: a comparison of the quantitative parameters showed a significant difference between the Pygeum africanum group and the placebo group with respect to therapeutic response. The characteristic subjective symptoms of micturitional disorders, which were evaluated by the patients in a qualitative manner, were also significantly improved by administration of Pygeum africanum extract. Overall assessment at the end of therapy, showed that micturition improved in 66% of the patients treated with Pygeum africanum extract, as compared with an improvement of 31% in the placebo group. The difference was significant at the statistical level of p less than 0.001. During therapy with Pygeum africanum extract, gastrointestinal side effects occurred in 5 patients. Treatment was discontinued in three of those cases. PMID: 1702916 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

[Controlled study of the effects of Pygeum africanum extract on the functional symptoms of prostatic adenoma].

9. Ann Urol (Paris). 1984 May;18(3):193-5. [Controlled study of the effects of Pygeum africanum extract on the functional symptoms of prostatic adenoma]. [Article in French] Dufour B, Choquenet C, Revol M, Faure G, Jorest R. Two random groups of sixty patients each were given an extract of pygeum africanum in one group, and a placebo in the other. The results highlight the placebo effect (50 per cent of cases), and that the extract provided an overall improvement in the functional symptoms. The differences between the two treatments were statistically significant for nocturnal frequency, difficulty in starting micturition, and incomplete emptying of the bladder. PMID: 6084978 [Indexed for MEDLINE]