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Presynaptic dopamine DA2-receptors in rabbit jejunal arteries. An electrophysiological study.

1. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1989 Aug;340(2):151-60. doi: 10.1007/BF00168963. Presynaptic dopamine DA2-receptors in rabbit jejunal arteries. An electrophysiological study. Nörenberg W(1), Illes P. Author information: (1)Department of Pharmacology, University of Freiburg, Federal Repu

Effect of calcium supplementation in pregnancy on maternal anemia and iron status: Secondary analyses of two randomized trials in India and Tanzania.

1. Am J Clin Nutr. 2026 Apr 29:101338. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101338. Online ahead of print. Effect of calcium supplementation in pregnancy on maternal anemia and iron status: Secondary analyses of two randomized trials in India and Tanzania. Ali NB(1), Sudfeld CR(2), Muhihi A(3), Thomas T(4), Perumal N(5), Sando MM(3), Masanja HM(6), Partap U(7), Duggan CP(8), Kurpad AV(9), Dwarkanath P(10), Pembe AB(11), Fawzi WW(12). Author information: (1)Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Division of Maternal and Child Health, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Electronic address: naziabinteali@g.harvard.edu. (2)Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA. (3)Africa Academy for Public Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. (4)Department of Biostatistics, St. John's Research Medical College, Bangalore, India. (5)Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA. (6)Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. (7)Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA. (8)Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. (9)Department of Physiology & Nutrition, St. John's Medical College & St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India. (10)Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India. (11)Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. (12)Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA. INTRODUCTION: While recent trials have shown daily prenatal low-dose 500 mg calcium supplementation to be noninferior to the recommended high-dose 1500 mg regimen for prevention of preeclampsia, its effects on maternal anemia and iron status remain unclear. METHODS: We conducted two individually randomized, non-inferiority trials in India and Tanzania (N=11,000 each) comparing daily 500 mg to 1500 mg calcium supplementation during pregnancy. All participants received standard IFA (60 mg iron) and were counseled to take calcium supplements several hours apart from the IFA. All participants had hemoglobin measured at baseline and at 32 weeks of gestation, while a random subset of participants had ferritin quantified at the same time points. Using an intention-to-treat approach, we assessed effects of 500 mg compared to 1500 mg calcium supplementation on mean hemoglobin and inflammation-adjusted serum ferritin (log-scale) using generalized linear models, and on anemia and iron deficiency anemia using log-binomial models. RESULTS: Third-trimester hemoglobin and serum ferritin were measured in 8,953 and 1,336 participants in India, respectively. In Tanzania, 8,496 participants had hemoglobin, and 882 had ferritin assessed. In both trials, there was no difference between 500 and 1500 mg calcium supplementation on third-trimester hemoglobin [India: mean difference (MD) 0.01 (95% confidence interval (CI): -0.03, 0.04); Tanzania: MD -0.02 (95% CI: -0.07, 0.03)], anemia [India: relative risk (RR) 1.01 (95% CI: 0.95, 1.07); Tanzania: RR 1.00 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.05)], or iron deficiency anemia [India: RR 1.20 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.57); Tanzania: RR 0.94 (95% CI: 0.77, 1.15)]. CONCLUSION: Low and high-dose calcium supplementation showed no differences in third-trimester hematologic outcomes. Future studies should assess the effects of co-administering or combining calcium and IFA into a single tablet on adherence and bioavailability of iron. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT03350516; Clinical Trials Registry India number, CTRI/018/2/12119; and Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority Trials Registry number, TFDA0018/TR/010/. Copyright © 2026 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101338 PMID: 42067065 Conflict of interest statement: Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.

Digital Health Support for Cataract Surgery With the Sharp Health Companion CareKit App: Randomized Controlled Trial.

2. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2026 Apr 29;14:e78710. doi: 10.2196/78710. Digital Health Support for Cataract Surgery With the Sharp Health Companion CareKit App: Randomized Controlled Trial. Korn TS(1), Assissini A(1), Slater LA(2), Holland J(1), Doone L(2), Lam E(2), Fox J(1), Greenwood KL(2), Linebarger E(1). Author information: (1)Department of Ophthalmology, Sharp HealthCare, Sharp Rees-Stealy Medical Group, San Diego, CA, United States. (2)Sharp HealthCare, San Diego, CA, United States. BACKGROUND: Cataract surgery is the most frequently performed surgery worldwide, crucial for restoring sight in millions. The COVID-19 pandemic and an aging population have increased barriers to timely surgery. Missed preoperative instructions and poor adherence to postoperative care contribute to surgery cancellations, delays, and potential complications. Mobile digital health interventions could enhance adherence and reduce cancellations. OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the effectiveness of the Sharp Health Companion smartphone app, built on the CareKit health platform, compared with printed instructions. The aim was to evaluate its impact on medication adherence, surgery delays and cancellations, visual outcomes, and patient experience among older adults undergoing cataract surgery. METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, 200 patients aged 41-87 (mean 69, SD 8.2) years were enrolled at a high-volume ophthalmology practice between December 2022 and January 2024. Most participants (145/200, 73%) were 65 years or older. Patients were randomized to group 1 (printed instructions with phone reminders, n=104) or group 2 (Sharp Health Companion app supplemented with backup printed instructions, n=96). Both groups received identical perioperative instructions and medications. Data included demographics, visual acuity, medication adherence (self-reported by paper checklist or Sharp Health Companion app care-card checklist and eye medication bottle weights), surgery cancellations and delays, and satisfaction surveys administered preoperatively, on postoperative day 1, and at 30 days. RESULTS: Sharp Health Companion app users had fewer same-day surgery delays (1/96, 1%) than those receiving printed instructions (10/104, 10%; P=.01), while cancellation rates were similar (P=.33). Patient-reported preparedness for surgery was high and comparable between groups on postoperative day 1 (group 1: mean 9.56, SD 1.19; group 2: 9.77, SD 0.73; P=.16). Preparedness for recovery at postoperative month 1 was similarly high (mean 9.92, SD 0.37 vs mean 9.85, SD 0.47; P=.28). At 30 days postoperatively, visual acuity improvement was similar (mean 0.14, SD 0.17 vs mean 0.11, SD 0.13 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; P=.13), and complications were rare (iritis 2/98, 2% vs 1/87,1%; cystoid macular edema 1/98, 1% vs 1/87, 1%). Self-reported medication adherence favored printed instruction users (66/68, 97% vs 47/64, 73%; P<.001), whereas objective antibiotic-drop adherence favored app users (mean 5.36, SD 1.17 g vs mean 5.67, SD 1.00 g; P=.046). CONCLUSIONS: The Sharp Health Companion app reduced same-day surgery delays and improved patient experience while supporting objective medication adherence in predominantly older adults undergoing cataract surgery. These findings suggest mobile health interventions can enhance perioperative care and efficiency, even in populations less familiar with technology. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT07028359; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT07028359. ©Tommy S Korn, Armand Assissini, Lesli Ann Slater, Janet Holland, Lauren Doone, Elvis Lam, Joy Fox, Kristina L Greenwood, Eric Linebarger. Originally published in JMIR mHealth and uHealth (https://mhealth.jmir.org), 29.04.2026. DOI: 10.2196/78710 PMID: 42055536 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Effect of leucine-enriched essential amino acid supplementation combined with different exercise regimen on appendicular skeletal muscle mass and muscle performance in older adults: an open label randomized controlled trial.

3. JBMR Plus. 2026 Mar 30;10(5):ziag052. doi: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziag052. eCollection 2026 May. Effect of leucine-enriched essential amino acid supplementation combined with different exercise regimen on appendicular skeletal muscle mass and muscle performance in older adults: an open label randomized controlled trial. Thavonlun C(1), Limsapjaroen J(2), Yoosuk P(3), Mahaisavariya C(4). Author information: (1)Medicine Division, Golden Jubilee Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. (2)Rehabilitation Medicine Division, Golden Jubilee Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. (3)Division of Nursing, Golden Jubilee Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. (4)Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Golden Jubilee Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. Sarcopenia in older adults increases fall risk and frailty. Improving muscle mass and function enhances balance and supports basic activities of daily living. Leucine-enriched essential amino acid supplementation combined with resistance training has been shown to enhance muscle performance. The present study evaluated muscle performance outcomes after 6 mo of these treatments. In an open-label randomized controlled trial, 66 participants were randomized equally to control and intervention groups (n = 33 each). Both groups consumed daily leucine-enriched essential amino acid supplements after exercise. The intervention group performed resistance training, and the control group followed regular walking and strengthening exercises. Primary outcomes were appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), gait speed, and hand grip strength. Safety was assessed by adverse event reporting and laboratory tests. The results of this study show no significant improvement in ASMI in either group after 6 mo. Both groups demonstrated significant gait speed improvements, with no between-group difference. Hand grip strength improved only in the non-dominant hand of the control group. No serious adverse events occurred, and kidney function remained stable. In conclusion, 6 mo of daily leucine-enriched essential amino acid supplementation combined with exercise did not increase ASMI among healthy older adults. Gait speed showed a positive association with supplementation and daily exercise regardless of regimen. Improvement in hand grip strength was observed only in the non-dominant hand, warranting further investigation to clarify the effect of supplementation combined with exercise. Additional clinical studies are required to establish the effectiveness of this regimen in preserving muscle mass and enhancing functional performance. Clinical trial registration: This study has been registered with the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (ID: TCTR20210824002). © The Author(s) 2026. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziag052 PMCID: PMC13108446 PMID: 42038818 Conflict of interest statement: The corresponding author did not receive financial support from the company evaluating its product, while the other authors did receive support from the same company.

Impact of indispensable amino acid supplementation on gut function in children at high risk of environmental enteropathy: protocol for an international coordinated group of randomised controlled trials.

4. BMJ Open. 2026 Apr 24;16(4):e105456. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2025-105456. Impact of indispensable amino acid supplementation on gut function in children at high risk of environmental enteropathy: protocol for an international coordinated group of randomised controlled trials. Lee GO(1)(2), Owino V(3), Baquiran AFP(4), Pasanna RM(5), Achoribo SE(6), Meskini T(7), Amadi B(8), Maleta KM(9), Gaudichon C(10), Serafico ME(4), Hegde S(11), Cabanilla CVD(4), Devi S(5), El Mzibri M(12), Brouwer AF(13), Kurpad AV(5), Kelly P(8)(14), Morrison D(15). Author information: (1)Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA. (2)Rutgers Global Health Institute, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA. (3)Nutritional and Health Related Environmental Studies Section, Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria. (4)Department of Science and Technology-Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Taguig City, Philippines. (5)Division of Nutrition, St John's Research Institute, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences (a Unit of CBCI Society for Medical Education), Bangalore, Karnataka, India. (6)Radiological and Medical Sciences Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Kwabenya-Accra, Ghana. (7)Nutrition Gastroenterology Metabolic Disease (NUTGAMED) research structure, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco. (8)Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition Group, Department of Medicine, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia. (9)Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Global and Public Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi. (10)INRAE, UMR PNCA, Université Paris-Saclay AgroParisTech, Paris, France. (11)Department of Pediatric Surgery, St John's Medical College Hospital, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences (A unit of CBCI Society for Medical Education), Bangalore, Karnataka, India. (12)Life Sciences Division, National Centre of Energy, Nuclear Sciences and Technics (CNESTEN), Rabat, Morocco. (13)Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. (14)Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. (15)Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK douglas.morrison@glasgow.ac.uk. INTRODUCTION: Environmental enteropathy (EE) is a syndrome affecting the gut characterised by villus blunting, reduced nutrient absorption and microbial translocation in children and adults experiencing a high burden of enteric infection due to inadequate access to clean water and sanitation. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will conduct coordinated randomised controlled trials in six countries to determine if supplementation with indispensable amino acids (IAAs) can improve intestinal barrier dysfunction in six geographically diverse populations of 18-36 months old children with stunting or severe stunting. All trials will measure the same primary outcomes while secondary outcomes will be measured on a per-trial basis using standardised protocols across the project. The primary endpoint will be change in gut permeability as assessed by the lactulose/rhamnose ratio. Secondary endpoints include changes in amino acid and carbohydrate absorption using novel, isotope tracer tests. Other prespecified outcome measures include changes in EE biomarkers and child weight. IAA supplementation will be given daily for 28 days and evaluation of the major endpoints will be at baseline and after 28 days of supplementation. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval will be obtained from the Research Ethics Committee at each participating site. Caregivers will provide written informed consent for each participant. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and face-to-face meetings with participant caregivers. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CTRI: CTRI/2024/06/069187 (India); ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06617130, Malawi; NCT06676215, Philippines and NCT07256028, Morocco); Ongoing (Zambia); Ongoing (Morocco); PACTR: (PACTR202311714091884, Ghana). © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ Group. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2025-105456 PMCID: PMC13110547 PMID: 42031499 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Competing interests: The author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: VO is employed by the IAEA.

Comparison of Classic Block and Sub-Branch Block During Sono-Guided Obturator Nerve Blocks: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

5. Pain Physician. 2026 Apr;29(2):155-161. Comparison of Classic Block and Sub-Branch Block During Sono-Guided Obturator Nerve Blocks: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Choi YS(1), Park CG(2), Lee MG(2). Author information: (1)Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea. (2)Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea. BACKGROUND: The obturator nerve block (ONB) is commonly performed using anterior and posterior branch blocks at the inguinal crease level. However, in practical situations, we have found that variable adductor muscle twitching can remain even after a successful main branch block. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluates how much an additional twitching block affects the complete adductor motor block compared to the classic ONB. Additionally, the study analyzes the patterns of residual twitching sites. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: The Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine at the Gachon University Gil Medical Center. METHODS: In the classic group (n = 35), posterior and anterior branch blocks were performed by ultrasound with a nerve stimulator at the inguinal crease. In the sub-branch group (n = 35), the main branch block was performed in the same way as in the classic group. Fifteen minutes later, additional twitching blocks were performed. The primary outcome was the extent of the obturator reflex-graded adductor motor block, which was measured 15 minutes after the ONB in both groups, and the secondary outcome was the analysis of twitching site patterns. RESULTS: The total dose of local anesthetic was higher in the sub-branch group, but the quality of obturator reflex grading was statistically significantly better than in the classic group. No patient in either group required general anesthesia to complete surgery. Residual twitching was usually observed in the adductor brevis, adductor magnus, or pectineus muscles or at the inner portion of the fascial line through which the anterior or posterior branch passed. LIMITATION: The success of the ONB was evaluated using obturator reflex grades, which might not have provided an accurate measure of success. CONCLUSIONS: Although a main branch block alone does not usually result in inadvertent adductor muscle contraction severe enough to cause complications such as bladder perforation, partial residual muscle movement is observed. Therefore, supplementing the main branch block with an additional sub-branch block can be a reasonable strategy to achieve more complete motor blockade. Copyright: 2026, American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians. PMID: 42013327 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Tobacco Craving in Tobacco Users: A Single-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study.

6. J Assoc Physicians India. 2026 Apr;74(4):75-80. doi: 10.59556/japi.74.1471. Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Tobacco Craving in Tobacco Users: A Single-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study. Singh A(1), Verma N(2), Kant S(3), Verma AK(4), Tripathi A(5), Bhardwaj K(6). Author information: (1)Senior Research Fellow, Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6828-9643. (2)Dean, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh, India, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0348-7419, Corresponding Author. (3)Professor and Head, Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7520-5404. (4)Professor, Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2973-1793. (5)Professor, Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3885-6475. (6)Research Associate, Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9159-649X. BACKGROUND: Tobacco use and its smoke produces oxidative stress in the body, which eventually triggers cell damage by lipid peroxidation. Smokers report lower levels of omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) in their serum as compared to nonsmokers. Omega-3 deficiency impairs neurotransmission, resulting in hypofunctioning of the mesocortical system, which is a reward and dependency system that can raise tobacco cravings, disrupting tobacco quitting efforts. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) regulates stress, anxiety, and negative emotions that are associated with tobacco urges. Limited research has assessed the supplementation effect of omega-3 PUFA [in the form of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)] on tobacco craving. AIM: We aimed to explore the effects of omega-3 PUFA (ALA) on the frequency of tobacco use per day, tobacco dependence, and tobacco craving when compared to placebo in regular tobacco users. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Regular tobacco users (n = 83) recruited from the Tobacco Cessation Clinic were randomly allocated to two groups. Group I was the omega-3 PUFA group, supplemented with 10 mL/day of omega-3 PUFA in the form of ALA (5.1 gm) for 180 days, and the other group received a placebo for the same duration. The outcome was evaluated by means of a case record form (for demographic parameters), self-reports of tobacco use (for frequency of tobacco use per day), as well as psychometric measures (for tobacco dependence and tobacco craving). The evaluations were carried out at baseline and after 180 days of intervention. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The frequency of tobacco use per day, tobacco dependence, and tobacco craving were found to be significantly decreased (p < 0.0001) in the group receiving omega-3 PUFA (ALA) at the end of supplementation. This is a novel approach that ALA supplementation reduces tobacco cravings in regular tobacco users in comparison to a placebo. Thus, omega-3 FAs may be an adjuvant tool in quitting tobacco use by reducing nicotine dependence and tobacco craving. Further studies are necessary with large samples to understand the possible association and explore the probable nonpharmacological approaches for tobacco cessation. © Journal of The Association of Physicians of India 2026. DOI: 10.59556/japi.74.1471 PMID: 42003149 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Vonoprazan-Amoxicillin Dual Therapy with or Without Saccharomyces boulardii Supplementation as a Rescue Regimen for Helicobacter pylori Infection.

7. Infect Drug Resist. 2026 Apr 7;19:594118. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S594118. eCollection 2026. Vonoprazan-Amoxicillin Dual Therapy with or Without Saccharomyces boulardii Supplementation as a Rescue Regimen for Helicobacter pylori Infection. Qu DN(#)(1), Ji ZX(#)(1), Zhang JQ(2), Wang XY(1). Author information: (1)Department of Gastroenterology, the Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China. (2)Department of Pathology, the Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China. (#)Contributed equally BACKGROUND: Whether the incorporation of Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) into vonoprazan-amoxicillin dual therapy contributes to improved eradication rate and a lower frequency of adverse events in rescue regimens for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has yet to be established. METHODS: In a single-center, randomized controlled trial, 190 adults with previous H. pylori treatment failure were assigned to receive either vonoprazan (20 mg twice daily) plus amoxicillin (750 mg three times daily) (VA group) or the same regimen with S. boulardii (250 mg twice daily) (VAS group) for 14 days. Eradication rates, compliance, adverse events, and safety were assessed. Risk factors influencing the eradication rate were explored. RESULTS: Based on intention-to-treat analysis, H. pylori eradication rates were 80.0% in the VA group and 92.6% in the VAS group (P = 0.011), and per-protocol analysis yielded eradication rates of 85.4% and 94.6%, respectively (P = 0.037). There were no significant differences in eradication rates for either the VA regimen (P = 0.736) or the VAS regimen (P = 0.431) based on the number of previous treatment failures. However, a history of prior furazolidone use reduced the eradication rate of VAS therapy. The incidence of adverse events was significantly lower in the VAS group (11.6%) than it was in the VA group (32.6%; P < 0.001). Both groups showed similar good compliance and safety. CONCLUSION: Supplementing vonoprazan-amoxicillin dual therapy with S. boulardii significantly increases H. pylori eradication rates and reduces adverse events, offering an effective and simple rescue treatment unaffected by previous treatment failures. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry No. ChiCTR2300075382, September 4, 2023. © 2026 Qu et al. DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S594118 PMCID: PMC13069978 PMID: 41971394 Conflict of interest statement: The authors declared that they have no conflicts of interest regarding this work.

BASECAMP-1 screening study: a model for efficient enrolment in precision oncology clinical trials.

8. BMJ Oncol. 2026 Mar 27;5(1):e001033. doi: 10.1136/bmjonc-2025-001033. eCollection 2026. BASECAMP-1 screening study: a model for efficient enrolment in precision oncology clinical trials. Hecht JR(#)(1), Molina JR(#)(2), Liechty K(3), Welling TH(4), Grierson PM(5), Patel SP(4), Kirtane K(6), Morelli MP(7), Locke FL(6), Maloney DG(8), Punekar SR(9), Nikiforow S(10), Lin Y(2), Ulrickson M(11), Specht JM(8), Lozac'hmeur A(12), Osterman CK(12), Garde RJ(12), Rangel GA(12), Ng EW(3), Welch JS(3), Tebbets JC(3), Go WY(3), Simeone DM(4). Author information: (1)UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Santa Monica, California, USA. (2)Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. (3)A2 Biotherapeutics Inc, Agoura Hills, California, USA. (4)UCSD Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, California, USA. (5)Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA. (6)Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA. (7)UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA. (8)Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA. (9)NYU Langone Health Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA. (10)Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. (11)Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, Arizona, USA. (12)Tempus AI Inc, Chicago, Illinois, USA. (#)Contributed equally OBJECTIVE: Identifying eligible patients for precision oncology clinical trials is challenging, particularly for rare molecular subpopulations. To address this challenge, A2 Biotherapeutics developed BASECAMP-1 (NCT04981119), a non-interventional master screening study to identify patients eligible for interventional studies of logic-gated Tmod chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies. Eligible patients for these interventional trials have an advanced solid malignancy and are germline human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A*02 heterozygous, with tumour-associated HLA-A loss of heterozygosity (LOH). HLA-A LOH occurs in ~16% of advanced solid malignancies; therefore, an efficient screening strategy is required. This report describes BASECAMP-1; compares the efficiency of two screening methods; and discusses the broader advantages of BASECAMP-1 beyond efficient enrolment. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Patients are identified for BASECAMP-1 using two approaches. In the traditional approach, common for clinical trials, investigators consent and screen all patients who might be good candidates for cell therapy trials, with no prior knowledge of patient HLA-A type or LOH status. To further optimise our approach, we co-developed with Tempus AI (Tempus) the bioinformatic programme Aware, which identifies potentially eligible patients with tumour-associated HLA-A*02 LOH within a clinico-genomic database that includes linked genomic and transcriptomic sequencing and clinical data collected during routine care. RESULTS: Over 42 months of using a traditional approach to identify eligible patients, 1918 patients at 13 study sites were consented and screened for BASECAMP-1; of these, 30 patients with tumour-associated HLA-A*02 LOH were enrolled (~0.7 participants per month). Over the last 30 months of that same period, Tempus Aware screening was implemented and 55 patients with tumour-associated HLA-A*02 LOH were enrolled (~1.8 participants per month). The bioinformatic approach identified more patients than the traditional approach and used sequencing results produced as part of the standard clinical tumour sequencing workflow, reducing resource use and study staff burden. Additional advantages of using a screening study, such as BASECAMP-1, include manufacturing efficiencies and collection of a large dataset of molecular and clinical parameters that can be used to supplement trial analyses. CONCLUSIONS: The BASECAMP-1 study demonstrates a clinico-genomic screening approach can more efficiently identify patients for precision oncology trials. Furthermore, precision oncology can be enhanced through collaborative data-sharing. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04981119. Copyright © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ Group. DOI: 10.1136/bmjonc-2025-001033 PMCID: PMC13034198 PMID: 41918932 Conflict of interest statement: JRH is a consultant or advisor for Revolution Medicine, Astellas, BeiGene, Novartis, Hexagon, Corcept, Deciphera, BMS, Exelixis, Gilead, Parabilis, Taiho, Urogen and Xilio, has received research funding to the institution from A2 Biotherapeutics, Affini-T, Agenus, AstraZeneca, Bold, Camurus, Crinetics, Exelixis, Gilead, GSK, Gritstone, IGM, Janssen, Mirati, NGM, Pfizer, Revolution Medicines, Regeneron, Tizona and Xilio has received Payment or honoraria for speaking from Scripps, Research To Practice, MLJ, received support for attending meetings and/or travel from A2 Biotherapeutics, has a leadership or fiduciary role in the NCCN Colorectal Committee, and owns stock or stock options in Triumvira and Actym; THW has received support to attend Annual Investigator Meetings, primarily lodging; PMG has been a consultant or advisor and received honoraria from AstraZeneca, has a patent, royalty or other intellectual property for Compositions and Methods for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer, and has an immediate family member who is employed by Walgreens; SPP has received university research funding from Amgen, AstraZeneca, A2 Biotherapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Corbus, Eli Lilly, Fate, Gilead, Merck, Pfizer, Roche/Genentech and Tscan, and has been a consultant for Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Genentech, Gilead, Johnson and Johnson and Pfizer; KK has received support to attend meetings and/or travel from A2 Biotherapeutics and has participated on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board for A2 Biotherapeutics and MyCaregorithm, LLC; FLL is a consultant or advisor for A2 Biotherapeutics, Alimera Sciences, Amgen, Bluebird Bio, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Calibr, Caribou Biosciences, Celgene, Cowen, Daiichi Sankyo/UCB Japan, EcoR1 Capital, Gerson Lehrman Group, Iovance Biotherapeutics, Janssen, Kite, a Gilead company, Legend Biotech, Miltenyi Biotec, Novartis, Sana Biotechnology, Takeda and Umoja Biopharma has received research funding to the institution from Alimera Sciences, Bluebird Bio, Bristol Myers Squibb/Celgene, Kite, a Gilead company, and Novartis received travel, accommodations and expenses from A2 Biotherapeutics and Kite, a Gilead company, and patents CAR T Cells with Enhanced Metabolic Fitness. Serial Number: 62/939,727, Double Mutant Survivin Vaccine. US010414810B2, Evolutionary Dynamics of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma CAR-T Cell Therapy. Serial Number: 62/879,534, Methods of Enhancing CAR T Cell Therapies. Serial Number: 62/892,292.; DGM has stock or other ownership interest in A2 Biotherapeutics, has received honoraria from A2 Biotherapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb/Celgene, Genentech/Roche, Gilead Sciences, Kite, a Gilead company, Lyell Immunopharma, Novartis, and Umoja Biopharma, is a consultant or advisor for A2 Biotherapeutics, Celgene/Bristol Myers Squibb, Genentech, and NAVAN Technologies, has received research funding from Celgene, Juno Therapeutics, and Kite, a Gilead company, and is an inventor on 4 provisional patents; SP has received research funding to the institution from Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Astellas Pharma, Simcere, Prelude Therapeutics, Tango Therapeutics, VITRAC Therapeutics, Revolution Medicines, NCI, Neogene Therapeutics, Affini-T Therapeutics, A2 Biotherapeutics and Amgen; SN is a consultant or advisor for Atara Biotherapeutics, Iovance Biotherapeutics, Pierre Fabre, Smart Immune and SOBI and received travel, accommodations and expenses from A2 Biotherapeutics. YL is a consultant or advisor for Bristol Myers Squibb, Caribou Biosciences, Genentech, Janssen Oncology, NexImmune, Pfizer, Regeneron and Sanofi, has received research funding to their institution from Bristol Myers Squibb and Janssen Oncology and has participated on a Data Safety Monitor Board for Pfizer; JMS has received a research grant from BioNTech, has a Royalty or Licence with UW CoMotion, and has received support travel accommodations from iwCAR-T; AL and CKO own stock or stock options in Tempus AI; RJG has received support for attending meetings and/or travel from Tempus AI and owns stock or stock options in Tempus AI; EN is a current or former employee, has stock of other ownership interests, and has received support for travel, accommodations or expenses from A2 Biotherapeutics and Amgen; JW is an employee of A2 Biotherapeutics and has stock or other ownership interests in A2 Biotherapeutics; WYG owns stock or stock options in A2 Biotherapeutics, Amgen and Gilead and has a leadership or fiduciary role for A2 Biotherapeutics, APA Foundation Board and Viewpoint School Board; JM, KL, MPM, MU, GR, JCT and DMS have nothing to disclose.

A Targeted Metabolomic Assessment of Oral Glutathione Bioavailability and Safety in Humans: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial.

9. Antioxidants (Basel). 2026 Mar 11;15(3):354. doi: 10.3390/antiox15030354. A Targeted Metabolomic Assessment of Oral Glutathione Bioavailability and Safety in Humans: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial. Solnier J(1), Du M(1), Zhang Y(1), Roh YS(1), Kuo YC(1), Ibi A(1), Wood S(2)(3)(4), Hardy M(5), Gahler RJ(6), Chang C(1). Author information: (1)ISURA, Clinical Research, Burnaby, BC V3N 4S9, Canada. (2)School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. (3)InovoBiologic Inc., Calgary, AB Y2N 4Y7, Canada. (4)Food, Nutrition and Health Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. (5)Association of Integrative and Holistic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92037, USA. (6)Factors Group R & D, Burnaby, BC V3N 4S9, Canada. Glutathione (GSH), often referred to as the "master antioxidant," plays a vital role in protecting cells against oxidative stress. This human pilot study aimed to evaluate the oral absorption and safety profile of a novel formulation of micellar glutathione (LipoMicel®, LMG) compared with two commonly used dietary supplement forms: standard glutathione (STD) and liposomal glutathione (Setria® Glutathione, LSG). In the first phase, a randomized, double-blind, crossover study was conducted in healthy adults (n = 14) to assess whole-blood GSH following single oral doses using baseline-adjusted pharmacokinetic parameters (incremental AUC0-24 [iAUC0-24], Cmax, Tmax) and a targeted panel of glutathione-related metabolites. In the second phase, a 30-day, single-arm follow-up assessed the safety and tolerability of the most bioavailable formulation (LMG) in the same participants. Compared with STD (500 mg), LMG (300 mg) produced significantly higher baseline-adjusted systemic GSH exposure and peak response (iAUC0-24: 1287.5 ± 179.0 vs. 517.8 ± 180.0 µg·mL·h; p = 0.0064; ΔCmax: 103.9 ± 11.8 vs. 42.8 ± 11.5 µg/mL; p = 0.0003), corresponding to ~2.49-fold higher incremental exposure and ~2.43-fold higher peak response at the administered doses. When dose-normalized to a 300 mg equivalent, the incremental exposure (iAUC) and Cmax were up to 4-fold higher for LMG than STD. In the targeted metabolite panel, most analytes showed no formulation-dependent differences; however, dose-normalized methionine exposure was significantly higher with LMG than STD (iAUC: 149.9 ± 30.8 vs. 32.7 ± 28.3 µg·mL·h; p = 0.0151; ~4.58-fold). No significant differences were observed in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) exposure, while the GSH/GSSG ratio was higher following LMG versus STD (p = 0.001). No significant changes in clinical safety markers (e.g., ALT, AST, ALP, creatinine) were observed following 30 days of daily LMG administration at 600 mg/d. The novel micellar glutathione formulation demonstrated enhanced oral bioavailability compared with a standard glutathione preparation and was well tolerated over 30 days in healthy adults. These findings present LipoMicel® as a promising approach for oral glutathione delivery and warrant further investigation into its long-term physiological and clinical effects. This clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under trial ID NCT06345950 on 3 April 2024. DOI: 10.3390/antiox15030354 PMCID: PMC13023597 PMID: 41897500 Conflict of interest statement: The authors J.S., Y.Z., Y.C.K., M.D., Y.S.R., A.I. and C.C. are employees of ISURA and declare no conflicts of interest (except where noted below for Y.C.K. and C.C.). M.H. is on the ISURA Scientific Advisory Committee. ISURA is a not-for-profit independent organization. R.G. is the owner of the Factors Group of Companies. S.W. is a consultant for InovoBiologic Inc. (Calgary, AB, Canada). The funder had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of the data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results. Patent Pending for LipoMicel® Matrix—Eutetic Matrix for Nutraceutical Compositions lists the inventors as R.G., S.W., Y.C.K. and C.C. No inventor benefits from this, and the ownership belongs to InovoBiologic Inc.

Comparison of Clinical Performance and Fit Success of Lehfilcon A and Lotrafilcon B Daily Wear Monthly Replacement Silicone Hydrogel Multifocal Contact Lenses in Patients with Presbyopia.

10. Clin Optom (Auckl). 2026 Jan 20;18:542963. doi: 10.2147/OPTO.S542963. eCollection 2026. Comparison of Clinical Performance and Fit Success of Lehfilcon A and Lotrafilcon B Daily Wear Monthly Replacement Silicone Hydrogel Multifocal Contact Lenses in Patients with Presbyopia. Bickle K(1), Montaquila S(2), Giedd B(3), Wesley G(4), Perry M(5), Subramanian V(6). Author information: (1)ProCare Vision Centers, Inc., Granville, OH, USA. (2)West Bay Eye Associates, Warwick, RI, USA. (3)Kindred Optics at Maitland Vision, Maitland, FL, USA. (4)Complete Eye Care of Medina, Medina, MN, USA. (5)Vision Health Institute, Orlando, FL, USA. (6)Clinical Research and Development, Alcon Research LLC, Johns Creek, GA, USA. PURPOSE: To compare and evaluate the clinical performance and fit success of lehfilcon A and lotrafilcon B multifocal soft contact lenses (MfSCLs). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, double-masked, crossover, dispensing clinical study. Eligible wearers were fitted and wore study MfSCLs bilaterally (≥8 hours/day, ≥5 days/week) over 30 days. Endpoints: binocular visual acuity (VA) at distance (4 m), intermediate (80 cm), and near (40 cm) at day 30; fit rate success; eye care professional (ECP) rating, study dispensed lens power at visit 1; lens fit, and surface characteristics at dispense and day 30; safety assessments. RESULTS: Overall, 101 subjects were enrolled. At day 30, lehfilcon A MfSCLs were noninferior to lotrafilcon B MfSCLs for distance, intermediate, and near VA (non-inferiority margin: 0.05; 95% UCL of LSM difference 0.00, 0.02, 0.04; mean VA, lehfilcon A: -0.10 ± 0.08, -0.10 ± 0.08, and 0.01 ± 0.12; lotrafilcon B: -0.09 ± 0.07, -0.11 ± 0.08, and -0.02 ± 0.11). At visit 1, ≥99.5% of both MfSCLs achieved successful fit with 1-2 lenses/eye. Mean ECP ratings for ease of fit: lehfilcon A 9.8 ± 0.6; lotrafilcon B: 9.7 ± 0.6. About 96.0% of subjects had same sphere (D) power and 100.0% had same ADD power in both eyes for both lenses. All MfSCLs had optimal/acceptable fit. Majority of MfSCLs (>96%) had grade 0/1 front surface wettability and front/back surface deposits. No serious AEs were reported, and all biomicroscopy findings were graded 2 (mild) or lower. CONCLUSION: Lehfilcon A multifocal contact lenses combine excellent visual performance, high fit success, and a stable, comfortable wearing experience over 30 days of daily wear. With their water-gradient surface, favorable safety profile, and ease of fit, they represent a reliable and beneficial option for clinicians to consider when selecting multifocal lenses for presbyopic patients. © 2026 Bickle et al. DOI: 10.2147/OPTO.S542963 PMCID: PMC13003785 PMID: 41868608 Conflict of interest statement: Vidhya Subramanian is an employee of Alcon. Katherine Bickle, Stephen Montaquila, Bradley Giedd, Gina Wesley, and Mark Perry are independent clinical investigators conducting research for Alcon. The authors report no other conflicts of interest in this work. The abstract of this paper was presented at the 2024 Netherlands Contact Lens Congress (NCC), Veldhoven, Netherlands, as a paper presentation with interim findings. The paper presentation’s abstract was published in “BCLA Clinical Conference Abstracts 202” in 2024_Contact Lens and Anterior Eye, 47(1), Supplement 1, 102215: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1367048424001073

Supplementation with mixed nuts does not improve inflammatory biomarkers or dietary inflammatory potential in post-myocardial infarction: a secondary analysis of the DICA-NUTS trial.

11. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2026 Jun;36(6):104625. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104625. Epub 2026 Feb 11. Supplementation with mixed nuts does not improve inflammatory biomarkers or dietary inflammatory potential in post-myocardial infarction: a secondary analysis of the DICA-NUTS trial. Marcadenti A(1), Bersch-Ferreira AC(2), Vieira Machado RH(3), Nakagawa Santos RH(3), de Abreu-Silva EO(4), da Silva A(5), Stein E(6), Bressan J(7), Hebert JR(8), Zhao L(9), Rogero MM(10). Author information: (1)Hcor Research Institute, São Paulo, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Cardiology), Instituto de Cardiologia/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Public Health, Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: amarcaden@hcor.com.br. (2)Department of Education and Research, Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. (3)Hcor Research Institute, São Paulo, Brazil. (4)Hcor Research Institute, São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Health Care Sciences, Dresden International University, Dresden, Germany. (5)Environment and Health Education Laboratory, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. (6)Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Cardiology), Instituto de Cardiologia/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. (7)Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil. (8)Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA; Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations, LLC, Columbia, USA. (9)Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA; School of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven, USA. (10)Department of Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Systemic inflammation is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events, and nut-enriched diets are often recommended after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the effects of mixed nuts on inflammatory biomarkers in secondary prevention remain unclear. This study evaluated the impact of incorporating mixed nuts into the Brazilian Cardioprotective Diet (DICA Br) on systemic inflammation and dietary inflammatory potential in post-AMI patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: This secondary analysis of the DICA-NUTS randomized controlled trial included 170 adults post-AMI, assigned to receive either the DICA Br diet alone (n = 85) or the same diet supplemented with 30 g/day of mixed nuts (10 g each of peanuts, cashews, and Brazil nuts; n = 85) for 16 weeks. Plasma concentrations of interleukins (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at baseline and post-intervention. Dietary inflammatory potential was assessed using the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and the energy-adjusted DII (E-DII™). No significant between-group differences were observed for any inflammatory biomarker or for DII and E-DII scores. Within the DICA group, IL-4 levels decreased (-4.56 pg/mL; 95% CI -9.00 to -0.11; p = 0.045), with a concurrent increase in the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio (0.035; 95% CI 0.003 to 0.067; p = 0.04). IFN-γ concentrations were higher in the lowest DII tertile (p = 0.046) and inversely correlated with DII scores (ρ = -0.15; p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: Supplementation with 30 g/day of mixed nuts did not significantly modify inflammatory biomarkers or improve the anti-inflammatory potential of the diet over 16 weeks in post-AMI patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03728127. Copyright © 2026 The Italian Diabetes Society, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104625 PMID: 41856832 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of competing interest Dr. James R. Hébert owns controlling interest in Connecting Health Innovations LLC (CHI), a company that has licensed the right to his invention of the DII from the University of South Carolina in order to develop computer and smart phone applications for patient counseling and dietary intervention in clinical settings. CHI owns exclusive rights to the E-DII. The subject matter of this paper has no direct bearing on that work, nor has any CHI-related activity exerted any influence on this project. All other authors have nothing to disclose.

The Impact of Exercise on Intervertebral Disc Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

12. Sports Med. 2026 Apr;56(4):941-965. doi: 10.1007/s40279-025-02336-w. Epub 2026 Mar 16. The Impact of Exercise on Intervertebral Disc Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Samanna CL(1), Owen PJ(2)(3), Mitchell UH(4), Ehrenbrusthoff K(5), Saueressig T(6), Moreira E(5), Arora NK(5)(7), Mundell NL(8), Tait JL(8), Donath L(7), Karner V(9), Belavý DL(5). Author information: (1)Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. claire.samanna@monash.edu. (2)Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. (3)Eastern Health Emergency Medicine Program, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. (4)Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA. (5)Department Für Pflege-, Hebammen und Therapiewissenschaften, Division of Physiotherapy, Bochum University of Applied Sciences, Bochum, Germany. (6)Physio Meets Science GmbH, Leimen, Germany. (7)Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, Germany. (8)Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia. (9)University of Applied Sciences for Health Professions Upper Austria, Linz, Austria. BACKGROUND: The structure and function of human tissue, such as bone, muscle and tendon, can be improved with targeted exercise training. However, the effects of exercise training on intervertebral disc tissue remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine the impact of physical loading exposure (exercise training, sport and physical activity) on intervertebral disc (IVD) health compared to non-physical loading (or lower volume of the same physical loading) controls. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Seven electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Web of Science and Scopus) and two trial registries (World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and National Institutes of Health) were searched from inception to 3 June, 2025. Forward and backward citation tracking was conducted for included reports. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria (GRADE). Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane RoB2 and Johanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklists. We included randomised controlled trials (n = 2), cohort (n = 9) and cross-sectional studies (n = 28) of any physical loading compared to controls with continuous measurements of IVD health (e.g. T2-relaxation, IVD height) via magnetic resonance imaging and/or categorically graded measures of IVD degeneration (e.g. Pfirrmann grade). RESULTS: Forty-five reports of 39 studies (participants: 4152) were included. The pairwise random-effects meta-analysis estimated the standardised mean difference (Hedges' g) of continuous outcomes for combined physical loading and independent subgroups and odds ratios (Paule-Mandel estimator) of categorical outcomes for combined physical loading only. A meta-analysis revealed upright bipedal loading (mostly running; Hedges' g [95% confidence interval] 0.31 [0.12, 0.50]; P = 0.002; n = 7, GRADE: very low) was associated with better IVD health; however, no other subgroup of physical loading was associated with better or worse IVD health. Combined physical loading revealed greater odds of IVD degeneration via reduced signal intensity (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 2.80 [1.53, 5.11], P = 0.001; n = 5, GRADE: low); however, no other measure of IVD degeneration was significant. CONCLUSIONS: Running was the only physical loading exposure associated with better IVD health. The mixed results from the combined physical loading analyses suggest that the type of physical loading plays a role in IVD health. As our estimates rely on observational data, prospective running interventions that examine the causal effect on IVD health appear warranted. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: The review was prospectively registered with International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) [CRD42022366391]. See Supplement P of the Electronic Supplementary Material for protocol deviations since registration. © 2026. The Author(s). DOI: 10.1007/s40279-025-02336-w PMCID: PMC13124787 PMID: 41840183 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declarations. Conflict of interest: Patrick J. Owen is an Editorial Board member of Sports Medicine but was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for this article or any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Niamh L. Mundell holds a non-executive director position with the Board of Exercise and Sports Science Australia. Claire L. Samanna, Ulrike H. Mitchell, Katja Ehrenbrusthoff, Tobias Saueressig, Eva Moreira, Nitin K. Arora, Jamie L. Tait, Lars Donath, Vera Karner and Daniel L. Belavý have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article. Ethics approval: Not applicable. Consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Availability of data and material: All data are publicly available via repositories ( https://osf.io/IVDEX ). Code availability: The statistical code is publicly available via repositories ( https://osf.io/IVDEX ). Author contributions: All authors read and approved the final version. Conceptualisation: PJO, UHM, DLB. Data curation: CLS, NKA. Formal analysis: CLS. Funding acquisition: not applicable. Investigation: all methodology: all. Project administration: CLS, PJO, DLB. Resources: PJO, DLB. Software: PJO, DLB. Supervision: PJO, DLB. Validation: PJO. Visualisation: CLS, PJO. Writing (original draft): CLS. Writing (review and editing): all. Patient and public involvement: Patients and/or the public were not involved in the design, conduct, reporting or dissemination plans of this research.

Dietary folate supplementation modifies effects of arsenic exposure on DNA methylation profiles in sperm of mice expressing the human AS3MT.

13. Arch Toxicol. 2026 Mar 10. doi: 10.1007/s00204-026-04322-1. Online ahead of print. Dietary folate supplementation modifies effects of arsenic exposure on DNA methylation profiles in sperm of mice expressing the human AS3MT. Shang B(1)(2), Douillet C(1), Hartwell H(3), Miller M(1), Cable P(1), Shi Q(1), Zou F(4), Krupenko SA(1)(5), Ideraabdullah FY(1)(6), de Villena FP(6)(7), Fry RC(8), Stýblo M(9). Author information: (1)Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7461, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA. (2)Department of Clinical Trial Ward, Clinical Trial and Conversion Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. (3)Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7431, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7431, USA. (4)Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA. (5)Nutrition Research Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA. (6)Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA. (7)Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA. (8)Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7431, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7431, USA. rfry@email.unc.edu. (9)Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7461, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA. Styblo@med.unc.edu. Folate is an essential nutrient that supports the formation of S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) in the pathway of one carbon metabolism. Dietary folate intake has been shown to affect the SAM-dependent methylation of diverse substrates, including DNA and inorganic arsenic (iAs). The methylation of iAs by arsenic methyltransferase (AS3MT) plays a key role iAs detoxification in both humans and mice. Our recent studies using wild-type C57BL/6N mice showed that preconception exposure to iAs resulted in heritable changes in DNA methylation in paternal sperm and differential expression of genes in tissues of the offspring that developed a diabetic phenotype. The goal of the present study was to determine if dietary folate can modify the iAs-induced differential methylation of DNA in sperm of male C57BL/6 mice expressing the human AS3MT and exhibiting a human-like pattern of iAs metabolism. Mice were fed folate deficient (FD, 0 mg folic acid/kg) or folate supplemented (FS, 10 mg folic acid/kg) diet for 6 weeks, followed by exposure to 0 (controls) or 400 ppb iAs (arsenite) in drinking water for 5 weeks while on the same types of diet. Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing was used to identify CpG sites and genes that were differentially methylated in response to iAs exposure, followed by analysis of pathways enriched for these genes. Genes and pathways associated with cell morphology and function, and neural structure and function were the top pathways enriched by iAs exposure in both FD and FS mice. Notably, pathways associated with diabetes, regulation of insulin secretion and signaling were enriched for differentially methylated genes only in the sperm of iAs-exposed FS mice. These results suggest that folate intake modifies the effects of iAs exposure on DNA methylation in sperm of the humanized mice, providing strong rationale for studies that will examine the role of folate in modulation of adverse effects of preconception exposure to iAs. © 2026. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. DOI: 10.1007/s00204-026-04322-1 PMID: 41807790 Conflict of interest statement: Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors have no actual or potential competing financial interests.

Post-warming culture and single vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer with hyaluronic acid and prolactin: a randomized controlled trial.

14. Reprod Biomed Online. 2026 Apr;52(4):105417. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2025.105417. Epub 2025 Nov 18. Post-warming culture and single vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer with hyaluronic acid and prolactin: a randomized controlled trial. Ezoe K(1), Miki T(1), Fujiwara N(1), Ueno S(1), Narisawa M(1), Shimazaki K(1), Akino R(1), Nishii S(1), Onogi S(1), Tsuchiyama S(1), Wada K(1), Kuroda T(1), Gardner DK(2), Kato K(3). Author information: (1)Kato Ladies Clinic, Tokyo, Japan. (2)School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. (3)Kato Ladies Clinic, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: k-kato@towako.net. RESEARCH QUESTION: Does combined treatment with hyaluronic acid and prolactin (PRL) for post-warming culture and embryo transfer increase the live birth rate after single vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer (SVBT)? DESIGN: A three-arm, double-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted between October 2020 and May 2021. Overall, 1236 couples undergoing SVBT were randomized using a 1:1:1 ratio into three groups: after removing the zona pellucida, warmed blastocysts were incubated in a medium without hyaluronic acid or PRL (control group), a hyaluronic-acid-enriched transfer medium (EmbryoGlue group), or EmbryoGlue supplemented with PRL (EGP group) for 2-4 h prior to transfer in the same medium. The primary outcome was the live birth rate. RESULTS: The live birth rate was higher in the EGP group compared with the control (OR 1.40; P = 0.0219) and EmbryoGlue (OR 1.38; P = 0.0266) groups. Although positive pregnancy and clinical pregnancy rates were comparable among the three groups, the ongoing pregnancy rate was higher in the EGP group compared with the control (P = 0.0142) and EmbryoGlue (P = 0.0249) groups. Furthermore, the rate of early pregnancy loss was lower in the EGP group compared with the control (P = 0.0073) and EmbryoGlue (P = 0.0053) groups. Subgroup analysis demonstrated significant interactions for embryo culture time (P = 0.0494) and serum progesterone (P = 0.0045): EGP treatment was effective for day 4-5 blastocysts and patients with insufficient serum progesterone. CONCLUSIONS: This RCT suggests that combined treatment with hyaluronic acid and PRL is effective for improving the live birth rate in good-prognosis patients by reducing early pregnancy loss. Copyright © 2025 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2025.105417 PMID: 41806715 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Clinical Outcomes of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review (2020-2025).

15. Oncol Res. 2026 Feb 24;34(3):3. doi: 10.32604/or.2025.070281. eCollection 2026. The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Clinical Outcomes of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review (2020-2025). Santos I(1), Liberal J(1)(2), Teixeira P(1)(3)(4), Martins D(1)(2)(5)(6), Mendes F(1)(2)(5)(6)(7). Author information: (1)Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Polytechnic University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3046-854, Portugal. (2)H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, Coimbra Health School, Polytechnic University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3045-043, Portugal. (3)Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-075, Portugal. (4)Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004-535, Portugal. (5)Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biophysics Institute of Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3045-043, Portugal. (6)Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal. (7)European Association for Professions in Biomedical Sciences, Brussels, 1000, Belgium. BACKGROUND: The Colorectal Cancer (CRC) pathogenesis and therapeutic efficacy are influenced by the gut microbiome, making it a promising biomarker for predicting treatment responses and adverse effects. This systematic review aims to outline the gut microbiome composition in individuals with CRC undergoing the same therapeutic regimen and evaluate interindividual microbiome profile variations to better understand how these differences may influence therapeutic outcomes. METHODS: Key studies investigating the microbiome's role in therapeutic approaches for CRC were searched in both PubMed and Cochrane databases on 12 and 22 March 2025, respectively. Eligible studies included free full-text English-language randomized clinical trials and human observational studies reporting on gut microbiome composition and treatment outcomes. RoB 2 and ROBINS-I were employed in the evaluation of bias for randomized trials and observational studies, respectively. Data extracted was narratively analyzed. RESULTS: Six studies involving a total of 361 individuals were included. Therapeutic interventions, either standard treatments and/or those targeting the gut microbiome, generally increased probiotic taxa and reduced pro-carcinogenic bacteria. However, no consistent pattern of improved clinical outcomes was observed, suggesting that treatment mechanisms, the tumor's nature, and individual characteristics play critical roles in microbiome modulation. CONCLUSION: The gut microbiome holds significant potential in clinical settings. Nonetheless, further research is needed to better understand its functional aspects and to consider the influence of treatment mechanisms, the tumor's nature, and individual characteristics as modulators, in order to optimize clinical outcomes. © 2026 The Authors. Published by Tech Science Press. DOI: 10.32604/or.2025.070281 PMCID: PMC12963652 PMID: 41799504 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest to report regarding the present study.