통캇알리 (남성 호르몬)
Tongkat Ali (Testosterone)
📚 관련 논문 (13편)
1. Int J Impot Res. 2024 Jun;36(4):348-364. doi: 10.1038/s41443-023-00763-9. Epub 2023 Sep 11. Do "testosterone boosters" really increase serum total testosterone? A systematic review. Morgado A(1), Tsampoukas G(2), Sokolakis I(3), Schoentgen N(4), Urkmez A(5), Sarikaya S(6). Author informatio
2. Medicina (Kaunas). 2022 Aug 4;58(8):1047. doi: 10.3390/medicina58081047. Eurycoma longifolia (Jack) Improves Serum Total Testosterone in Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. Leisegang K(1), Finelli R(2), Sikka SC(3), Panner Selvam MK(3). Author information: (1)School
3. Int J Impot Res. 2021 Apr;33(3):311-317. doi: 10.1038/s41443-020-0285-x. Epub 2020 May 1. A systematic review and evidence-based analysis of ingredients in popular male testosterone and erectile dysfunction supplements. Kuchakulla M(1), Narasimman M(1), Soni Y(1), Leong JY(2), Patel P(3), Ram
4. Chin J Nat Med. 2017 Jan;15(1):71-80. doi: 10.1016/S1875-5364(17)30010-9. Eurycoma Longifolia as a potential adoptogen of male sexual health: a systematic review on clinical studies. Thu HE(1), Mohamed IN(1), Hussain Z(2), Jayusman PA(1), Shuid AN(3). Author information: (1)Department of Phar
1. BMJ Open. 2023 Nov 1;13(11):e073323. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073323. Effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack standardised water extract (Physta) on well-being of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: protocol for a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel group study. Muniandy S(1), Yahya HM(2), Shahar S(3), Kamisan Atan I(4), Mahdy ZA(4), Rajab NF(1), George A(5), Chinnappan SM(5). Author information: (1)Biomedical Sciences Program, Centre of Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Malaysia. (2)Nutritional Sciences Program, Centre of Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Malaysia hanis.yahya@ukm.edu.my. (3)Dietetics Program, Centre of Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Malaysia. (4)Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Malaysia. (5)Department of Science and Product Development, Biotropics Malaysia Berhad, Shah Alam, Malaysia. INTRODUCTION: Eurycoma longifolia Jack (EL), profoundly recognised as 'Tongkat Ali', is a medicinal herb originating from Southeast Asia. It is commonly used in traditional 'antiageing' treatments to address decreased energy, mood, libido and hormonal imbalances. While the benefits of EL have been extensively studied among the male population, less attention has been given to its effects on women. Menopause can impact the overall well-being of middle-aged women and incorporation of herbal supplements can aid them in managing the menopausal symptoms. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This 12-week randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the standardised water extract of EL known as Physta in increasing the quality of life of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. The study involves 150 women aged 40-55 years who score more than 61 on the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) assessment. These participants will be randomised into three groups, receiving Physta at either 50 mg or 100 mg or a placebo. The outcomes measures include mood state, quality of life, fatigue, sleep quality, sexual function and pain score assessed using Profile of Mood State, MENQOL, Chalder Fatigue Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Female Sexual Function Index and the Brief Pain Inventory questionnaires, respectively. The secondary outcome of the study includes full blood analysis, urine analysis, female reproductive hormone profiling, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers analysis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The research protocol of the study was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM/PPI/111/8/JEP-2021-898). The findings will be disseminated to participants, healthcare professionals and researchers via conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN12622001341718. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073323 PMCID: PMC10626840 PMID: 37914304 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Competing interests: AG and SMC are employees of Biotropics Malaysia Berhad.
2. Andrologia. 2021 May;53(4):e14001. doi: 10.1111/and.14001. Epub 2021 Feb 9. The effect of Eurycoma Longifolia on the regulation of reproductive hormones in young males. Chan KQ(1)(2)(3), Stewart C(2), Chester N(2), Hamzah SH(3), Yusof A(3). Author information: (1)Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Jalan Genting Kelang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. (2)School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK. (3)Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Eurycoma longifolia supplementation increases testosterone levels in humans via activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and/or the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis mainly in older adults and nonhealthy populations. This study aimed to assess the impact of Eurycoma longifolia on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes in healthy young males since this might promote functional testosterone prowess. Thirty-two males (24.4 ± 4.7 years; 1.74 ± 0.07 m; 73.7 ± 8.4 kg) in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, matched-paired study received 600 mg/day Eurycoma longifolia or placebo for two weeks. Blood analysis using repeated measures analysis of variance showed significant interaction and time effects for testosterone (F1,30 = 9.04, p = .005), free testosterone (F1,30 = 7.13, p = .012) and estradiol (F1,30 = 8.07, p = .008) levels in favour of the treatment group, while luteinising hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and sexual hormone-binding globulin did not. The lack of changes in luteinising hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels suggests that a lesser role played by Eurycoma longifolia in activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in the young adults. The raised testosterone level may be due to a greater rate of hormone production via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The supplementation of Eurycoma longifolia for two weeks demonstrates steroidogenic effects on young men were dose-related. Consequently, the raised testosterone following Eurycoma longifolia supplementations could benefit muscle and strength gain in young adults. © 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH. DOI: 10.1111/and.14001 PMID: 33559971 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
3. Maturitas. 2021 Mar;145:78-85. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.12.002. Epub 2020 Dec 10. A 6-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial to evaluate the effect of Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali) and concurrent training on erectile function and testosterone levels in androgen deficiency of aging males (ADAM). Leitão AE(1), Vieira MCS(2), Pelegrini A(2), da Silva EL(3), Guimarães ACA(2). Author information: (1)University of Santa Catarina State, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Electronic address: aliceerwig@gmail.com. (2)University of Santa Catarina State, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. (3)Federal University of Santa Catarina, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil. BACKGROUND: Androgen deficiency of aging males (ADAM) largely manifests as sexual symptoms. Erectile dysfunction is one of the most common symptoms of ADAM. AIM: To ascertain the effect of concurrent training and supplementation with Eurycoma longifolia on erectile function and testosterone levels in men with ADAM, and the association of erectile function with levels of total testosterone. METHODS: 6-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled four-arm clinical. 45 men (47.38 ± 5.03 years) were randomized into 4 groups (G1: control + placebo; G2: control + Eurycoma longifolia; G3: concurrent training + placebo; G4: concurrent training + Eurycoma longifolia). 22 received a 200 mg supplement of Eurycoma longifolia and 23 underwent the intervention with concurrent training, 3 times a week for 60 min at progressive intensity. OUTCOMES: International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5), Aging Male Scale (AMS) and total testosterone. RESULTS: Erectile function demonstrated improvements in both interventions; however, the most significant results were obtained by men allocated to concurrent training + Eurycoma longifolia. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: A 200 mg supplement of Eurycoma longifolia and the practice of concurrent training for 6 months significantly improved the erectile function of men with ADAM. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS: The study's design stands out as a strength, in addition to the six-month intervention. The main limitation is the study not having groups that used only Eurycoma longifolia and only concurrent training. CONCLUSION: The combination of Eurycoma longifolia and concurrent training improved erectile function and increased total testosterone levels in men with ADAM. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.12.002 PMID: 33541567 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
4. J Strength Cond Res. 2015 Dec;29(12):3453-65. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000995. Impact of Four Weeks of a Multi-Ingredient Performance Supplement on Muscular Strength, Body Composition, and Anabolic Hormones in Resistance-Trained Young Men. Kreipke VC(1), Allman BR, Kinsey AW, Moffatt RJ, Hickner RC, Ormsbee MJ. Author information: (1)1Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida; 2Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida; 3Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; and 4Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Lab, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina. Although multi-ingredient performance supplements (MIPS) have increased in popularity because of their array of ergogenic ingredients, their efficacy and safety remain in question. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of supplementation with T+ (SUP; Onnit Labs, Austin, TX, USA), an MIPS containing long jack root, beta-alanine, and branched-chain amino acids, and other proprietary blends, on strength, body composition, and hormones in young resistance-trained men. Subjects were randomized to consume either T+ (SUP; n = 14; age, 21 ± 3 years; body fat, 18.3 ± 4.7%) or an isocaloric placebo (PL; n = 13; age, 21 ± 3 years; body fat, 21.5 ± 6.2%) for 4 weeks. Both groups underwent a progressive, 4-week high-intensity resistance training protocol. Before and after the training protocol, mood state, body composition, blood hormones (also collected at midpoint), and maximal strength were measured. SUP had significantly greater increases in bench press (SUP, 102 ± 16 kg to 108 ± 16 kg vs. PL, 96 ± 22 kg to 101 ± 22 kg; p < 0.001) and total weight lifted (SUP, 379 ± 59 kg to 413 ± 60 kg vs. PL, 376 ± 70 kg to 400 ± 75 kg; p < 0.001) compared with PL. Additionally, deadlift strength relative to total body mass (calculated as weight lifted/body mass; kg:kg) (2.08 ± 0.18 to 2.23 ± 0.16; p = 0.036) and lean mass (2.55 ± 0.19 to 2.72 ± 0.16; p = 0.021) increased significantly in SUP but not PL (2.02 ± 0.30 to 2.15 ± 0.36 and 2.56 ± 0.31 to 2.70 ± 0.36, respectively). No other significant differences were detected between groups for the remaining variables. Supplementing with SUP enhanced resistance training adaptations independent of hormonal status, and thus SUP use may warrant inclusion into peri-workout nutrition regimens. This study was registered with clinicaltrials.gov (identifier: NCT01971723). DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000995 PMID: 26595135 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
5. Complement Ther Med. 2015 Oct;23(5):693-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2015.07.009. Epub 2015 Jul 31. Efficacy of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) on erectile function improvement: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Kotirum S(1), Ismail SB(2), Chaiyakunapruk N(3). Author information: (1)School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia. (2)School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia. (3)School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Center of Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research (CPOR), Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand; School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA; School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. Electronic address: nathorn.chaiyakunapruk@monash.edu. OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) herbal extract on erectile function improvement. METHODS: Comprehensive electronic databases were searched from inception through October 2014. Randomized controlled trials investigating Tongkat Ali compared to placebo were included. Outcome of interest was the improvement of erectile dysfunction. The difference of changes from baseline of the outcome between Tongkat Ali and placebo was pooled using weighted mean difference (WMD). Methodological quality of included studies was assessed using Jadad's quality scale and Cochrane's risk of bias. RESULTS: Of the 342 articles identified, 2 studies involving a total of 139 participants were analyzed. No significance between group difference was found in the mean WMD of the change in the 5- item version of the international index of erectile function (IIEF-5) at week-12 (0.91; 95% CI: -1.50 to 3.33 with I(2)=89.5%, P-value=0.002) with statistical heterogeneity. Based on the subgroup analysis, significant improved IIEF-5 score of 2.15 (95% CI 1.03-3.27) was found in subjects with lower baseline IIEF-5 score, but this was not seen among those with higher baseline IIEF-5 score. CONCLUSION: Based on current evidence, the herbal extract of Tongkat Ali may have clinical effect on erectile function. However, more efficacy trials are warranted to further support current evidence. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2015.07.009 PMID: 26365449 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
6. Phytother Res. 2021 Dec;35(12):7039-7049. doi: 10.1002/ptr.7331. Epub 2021 Nov 18. An exploratory double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to assess the efficacy of CitruSlim on body composition and lipid parameters in obese individuals. Hancke J(1), Srivastava S(2), Caceres DD(3)(4), Burgos RA(1), Alarcon P(1). Author information: (1)Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. (2)Clinical Development, Vedic Lifesciences Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India. (3)Environmental Health Programme, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. (4)Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tarapacá, Arica, Chile. The prevalence of obesity in developing and developed countries has been well recognized, and the worldwide obesity rates have nearly tripled since 1975, according to the World Health Organization. CitruSlim, a standardized product containing a blend of Citrus bergamia and Eurycoma longifolia, can reduce cortisol, cholesterol, triglycerides, and hyperglycemia. These properties can contribute to reduction in body weight or body mass index (BMI) in obese patients. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of CitruSlim in body weight management in obese individuals, and the results were compared with that of placebo. A total of 97 participants were allocated, randomized, and treated with CitruSlim high-dose (HD, 400 mg), CitruSlim low-dose (LD, 200 mg), and placebo for 112 days. At the end of the study, CitruSlim HD and CitruSlim LD significantly reduced BMI compared to the placebo group and were well tolerated; however, it did not improve parameters associated with dyslipidemia and metabolic disturbances. The study findings suggested that CitruSlim was effective in reducing body weight in obese patients. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7331 PMID: 34794202 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
7. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2021 Feb;42:101301. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101301. Epub 2021 Jan 5. Exercise associated or not to the intake of Eurycoma longifolia improves strength and cardiorespiratory fitness in men with androgen deficiency. Leitão AE(1), Vieira MCS(2), Gomes DA(3), Boing L(4), Pelegrini A(5), Luiz E(6), Guimarães ACA(5). Author information: (1)Master's in Sciences of Human Movement of the Center of Sciences of the Health and of the Sport of the State University of Santa Catarina. Scholarship of the Coordination of Higher Education Personnel - CAPES, Brazil. Electronic address: aliceerwig@gmail.com. (2)PhD in Human Movement Sciences at the Health and Sports Sciences Center of the State University of Santa Catarina. Scholarship of the Coordination of Higher Education Personnel - CAPES, Brazil. (3)Graduation Student in Physiotherapy of the Center of Sciences of the Health and of the Sport of the State University of Santa Catarina. LaBClin Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation and Clinical Biomechanics Laboratory, Florianópolis, Brazil. (4)PhD Student in Sciences of Human Movement of the Center of Sciences of the Health and of the Sport of the State University of Santa Catarina. Scholarship of the Coordination of Sigher Education Personnel - CAPES, Brazil. (5)Professor of the Department of Physical Education and Post-Graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences at the Health and Sports Sciences Center of the State University of Santa Catarina, Brazil. (6)Professor of the Departments of Nutrition and Pharmacy and Post-Graduation Programs in Pharmacy and Nutrition at the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil. This study aims to analyze the effects of a concurrent training (CT) associated with Eurycoma longifolia (EL) supplementation on the muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and symptomatology score of men with the androgen deficiency of aging male (ADAM). Forty-five subjects (47.6 ± 5.2 years) were included in the study. The randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial lasted for 6 months. Participants were randomized into four groups, control (C; n = 12); EL (n = 11); CT (n = 11); and CT + EL (n = 11). Along this period, the isokinetic peak torque of the knee extensors increased in the CT (14%) and CT + EL (17%) groups (p = 0.040; p = 0.006, respectively), while the isokinetic peak torque of knee flexion increased in the CT + EL group only (p < 0.05). For all participants, testosterone levels were correlated with isokinetic peak torque of knee extension (r = 0.517, p = 0.001) and flexion (r = 0.362, p = 0.028). Subjects of the CT (27.3%) and CT + EL (36.1%) groups decreased the symptomatology of ADAM (p = 0.005). This study demonstrated the benefits of CT and EL consumption as a non-pharmacological treatment for ADAM. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101301 PMID: 33445146 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
8. Phytother Res. 2016 Apr;30(4):627-35. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5571. Epub 2016 Jan 27. Immunomodulation in Middle-Aged Humans Via the Ingestion of Physta® Standardized Root Water Extract of Eurycoma longifolia Jack--A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Study. George A(1), Suzuki N(2), Abas AB(1), Mohri K(3), Utsuyama M(4)(5), Hirokawa K(4)(5), Takara T(6). Author information: (1)Research and Development Department, Biotropics Malaysia Berhad, Lot 21, Jalan U1/19 Section U1, Hicom-Glenmarie Industrial Park, 40150, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. (2)Research and Development Department, ORTHOMEDICO Inc., Tokyo Medical & Dental University M&D Tower 25F, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan. (3)Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan. (4)Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan. (5)Institute for Health and Life Science Co., Ltd., Tokyo Medical and Dental University Open Laboratory, Medical Research Institute, Surugadai Bldg, 2-3-10, Surugadai, Kanda, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan. (6)Seishinkai Medical Association Inc., Takara Medical Clinic, Taisei Bldg 9F, 2-3-2, Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 141-0022, Japan. This study was aimed to investigate the capacity of a standardized root water extract of Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali, TA), Physta® to modulate human immunity in a middle-aged Japanese population. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study was conducted for 4 weeks. Eighty-four of 126 subjects had relatively lower scores according to Scoring of Immunological Vigor (SIV) screening. Subjects were instructed to ingest either 200 mg/day of TA or rice powder as a placebo for 4 weeks [TA and Placebo (P) groups] and to visit a clinic in Tokyo twice (weeks 0 and 4). SIV, immunological grade, immunological age, and other immune parameters were measured. Eighty-three subjects completed the study; 40 in the TA group and 41 in the P group were statistically analyzed, whereas two were excluded from the analyses. At week 4, the SIV and immunological grade were significantly higher in the TA group than those in P group (p < 0.05). The numbers of total, naïve, and CD4(+) T cells were also higher in the TA group than those in P group (p < 0.05). No severe adverse events were observed. The results suggest that ingestion of the root water extract of TA (Physta®) enhances comprehensive immunity in both middle-aged men and women. This study is registered in UMIN-CTR (UMIN000011753). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5571 PMID: 26816234 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
9. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2010 Dec;35(6):691-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.01147.x. Modification of propranolol's bioavailability by Eurycoma longifolia water-based extract. Salman SA(1), Amrah S, Wahab MS, Ismail Z, Ismail R, Yuen KH, Gan SH. Author information: (1)Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Penang, Malaysia. WHAT IS KNOWN AND BACKGROUND: Eurycoma longifolia (E. longifolia), a herb commonly consumed for its aphrodisiac properties, is widely used by Asian males. This may include hypertensive patients receiving propranolol which may cause sexual dysfunction as one of its side-effects. There is no published study of the potential pharmacokinetic interaction between propranolol and the herb. OBJECTIVE: To study propranolol's pharmacokinetics when E. longifolia is consumed, comparing volunteers given either propranolol or a placebo. METHODS: This is a placebo-controlled randomized single-blinded crossover study of the effect of a water-based extract of E. longifolia on the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of proporanolol (Inderal(®)) in 14 healthy non-smoker young males. Eighty milligram of propranonol was orally administered with (i) placebo (Lactose) or (ii) 200 mg of water-based extract of E. longifolia (0·0272 ± 0·0026%eurycomanone) following an overnight fasting. Blood samples were collected at 0, 0·5, 1, 1·5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 10 h for propranolol's plasma concentration determinations using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: When propranolol was administered with E. longifolia, its bioavailability (AUC0-∞) decreased by 29% while C(max) was reduced by 42% and T(max) was significantly prolonged by almost 86%. The terminal elimination half-life, however, was not significantly affected. CONCLUSION: The bioavailability of propranolol is significantly decreased when consumed together with E. longifolia. The interaction is due to a reduction in absorption, rather than an increase in propranolol's metabolism. Although the pharmacodynamics of propranolol was not affected in healthy volunteers, caution is still advisable with co-administration of the drug and the herb. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.01147.x PMID: 21054461 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
⚠️ 면책 고지
이 정보는 일반 교육 목적이며 의료 진단/처방을 대체하지 않습니다.