와일드 얌

Evaluating the evidence for over-the-counter alternatives for relief of hot flashes in menopausal women.

1. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2010 Sep-Oct;50(5):e106-15. doi: 10.1331/JAPhA.2010.09243. Evaluating the evidence for over-the-counter alternatives for relief of hot flashes in menopausal women. Kelley KW(1), Carroll DG. Author information: (1)School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Alabama, USA. w

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Investigating the Safety and Efficacy of a Herbal Formulation on Knee Joint Function in Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis.

1. J Integr Complement Med. 2025 Jan;31(1):54-63. doi: 10.1089/jicm.2023.0124. Epub 2024 Oct 14. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Investigating the Safety and Efficacy of a Herbal Formulation on Knee Joint Function in Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis. Li L(1), Wang Y(1), Wang S(1), Zong J(1), Zhang Z(2), Zou S(1), Zhao Z(3), Cao Y(4), Liu Z(1). Author information: (1)Chenland Nutritionals, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA. (2)Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia, China. (3)Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA. (4)Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, China. Background: Current treatments for osteoarthritis (OA) pain and stiffness have limitations, including adverse effects. Therefore, effective and safe complementary or alternative therapies are needed. Dietary supplement GJ 191, comprising Epimedium, Dioscorea, and Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts, may address this need. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigated GJ 191 supplementation on knee OA symptoms. Seventy-two adults (40-75 years) with mild to moderate knee OA and mild to moderate knee pain were enrolled. The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Quality of Life questionnaire, knee joint range of motion, serum C-reactive protein, and rescue medication use were assessed. The Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain and stiffness scores were computed using KOOS scores. Results: Decreases in WOMAC pain scores were reported by both GJ 191 and placebo groups after 6 (-1.78 ± 2.71 and -1.34 ± 1.93, respectively; p < 0.01) and 12 (-2.31 ± 2.83 and -1.59 ± 2.69, respectively; p < 0.01) weeks, with no significant difference between groups. There were decreases in WOMAC stiffness scores for participants supplemented with GJ 191 by 0.53 ± 1.22 and 0.72 ± 1.46 (p ≤0.02) after 6 and 12 weeks, respectively, with respective decreases of 0.81 ± 1.51 and 0.75 ± 1.85 (p ≤0.03) for those on placebo. Significant improvements in current pain, as assessed by the Pain VAS, and bodily pain were reported by the GJ 191 group after 6 and 12 weeks, while the placebo group only reported significant improvements in these measures after 12 weeks. GJ 191 supplementation was safe and well tolerated. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in pain and stiffness scores between GJ 191 and placebo over the 12 weeks. While both groups reported improvements in WOMAC pain from baseline, improvements in current and bodily pain were experienced sooner with GJ 191 than placebo and were sustained over the study period. GJ 191 supplementation was safe and well tolerated. (CTR#: NCT04395547). DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2023.0124 PMID: 39400265 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Additional Benefit of Chinese Medicine Formulae Including Dioscoreae rhizome (Shanyao) for Diabetes Mellitus: Current State of Evidence.

2. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020 Nov 10;11:553288. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.553288. eCollection 2020. Additional Benefit of Chinese Medicine Formulae Including Dioscoreae rhizome (Shanyao) for Diabetes Mellitus: Current State of Evidence. Sun L(1)(2)(3)(4), Di YM(5), Lu C(1)(3)(4)(5), Guo X(1)(2)(3)(4), Tang X(1)(2)(3)(4), Zhang AL(5), Xue CC(1)(3)(4)(5), Fan G(1)(2)(3)(4). Author information: (1)The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China. (2)The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China. (3)Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China. (4)Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China. (5)The China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. BACKGROUND: Chinese medicine has been used to treat diabetes symptoms for thousands of years. Dioscoreae rhizome or Shanyao is a Chinese medicinal herb that is routinely used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the evidence of the added benefits and safety of herbal formulae containing Shanyao in clinical studies and the possible mechanisms of Shanyao in the prevention and treatment of DM in experimental studies. METHODS: We searched nine databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included Shanyao in the formulae in the treatment of type 2 DM. Furthermore, experimental studies on the prevention and treatment of DM by Shanyao in English- and Chinese-language databases were identified. RESULTS: Fifty-three moderate quality RCTs with herbal formulae containing Shanyao were identified. Results from meta-analysis indicated that Shanyao alone or formulae containing Shanyao in addition to conventional treatments could benefit people with type 2 DM in lowering blood glucose, blood lipids and reducing insulin resistance. Moreover, adverse events were significantly lower in the CHM plus conventional group than those in the conventional group. Shanyao may exert the benefit through various mechanisms including inhibition of α-glucosidase and DPP-IV activity, increase of endogenous GLP-1 and immune regulating activities. CONCLUSION: Evidence from this review suggested that there appeared to be added clinical benefits associated with the use of Shanyao for DM, whether as a food supplement or as a CHM combined with hypoglycemic agents with a good safety profile. Copyright © 2020 Sun, Di, Lu, Guo, Tang, Zhang, Xue and Fan. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.553288 PMCID: PMC7685178 PMID: 33244311 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

The effects of Chinese yam-epimedium mixture on respiratory function and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

3. J Tradit Chin Med. 2012 Jun;32(2):203-7. doi: 10.1016/s0254-6272(13)60012-6. The effects of Chinese yam-epimedium mixture on respiratory function and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Zhao YL(1), Song HR, Fei JX, Liang Y, Zhang BH, Liu QP, Wang J, Hu P. Author information: (1)Department of Respiratory Disease, No.323 Hospital of PLA, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China. yalingzhao323@yahoo.com.cn OBJECTIVE: To examine the clinical effects of a mixture of Chinese Yam and epimedium in patients with stable moderate or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: Forty-nine patients with COPD were randomly allocated to a group whose usual treatment was supplemented with oral Chinese yam-epimedium mixture, or a control group given placebo. For each patient, body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity were measured and converted into the BODE index before treatment and at one and three months after initiation of treatment. Participants also completed the St. George's respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) at the same intervals. RESULTS: After one month, improvements were seen in the BODE index and SGRQ of participants taking Chinese yam-epimedium mixture compared to controls. There were statistically significant differences in the SGRQ: three of its components and the total SGRQ scores were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), respiratory symptom scores had improved (P < 0.01), and the dyspnea component of the BODE index had significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Similar improvements were observed after three months of treatment, but exercise tolerance had also improved: the six-minute walking distance had significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the treatment group when compared with controls. CONCLUSION: Chinese yam-epimedium mixture can significantly improve dyspnea, exercise capacity, and the quality of life of patients with stable moderate or severe COPD. DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(13)60012-6 PMID: 22876444 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

The effects of nutritional supplements on the symptoms of fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome.

4. Integr Physiol Behav Sci. 1998 Jan-Mar;33(1):61-71. doi: 10.1007/BF02688676. The effects of nutritional supplements on the symptoms of fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Dykman KD(1), Tone C, Ford C, Dykman RA. Author information: (1)Mannatech Inc., Coppell Texas 75019, USA. This article reports the results of a within-subject design. Fifty subjects with a physician diagnosis of fibromyalgia (FM) and/or chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) were interviewed using a structured interview from. Each subject was interviewed initially, and again nine months later (follow-up). Subjects had, on their own, consumed nutritional supplements including freeze-dried aloe vera gel extract; a combination of freeze-dried aloe vera gel extract and additional plant-derived saccharides; freeze-dried fruits and vegetables in combination with the saccharides; and a formulation of dioscorea complex containing the saccharides and a vitamin/mineral complex. With medical treatments, approximately 25 percent of FM patients improve, but the beneficial effects of medical treatment rarely persist more than a few months. All subjects in this study had received some form of medical treatment prior to taking the nutritional supplements, but none with enduring success. Nutritional supplements resulted in a remarkable reduction in initial symptom severity, with continued improvement in the period between initial assessment and the follow-up. Further research is needed to verify these results, specifically crossover designs in well-defined populations. DOI: 10.1007/BF02688676 PMID: 9594356 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

[Clinical and experimental studies of supplemented sini san in treating chronic brucellosis].

5. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1997 Aug;17(8):470-2. [Clinical and experimental studies of supplemented sini san in treating chronic brucellosis]. [Article in Chinese] Liu JB(1), Zhou WC, Wang QZ. Author information: (1)Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of supplemented Sini San (SSNS) in treating chronic Brucellosis (CB). METHODS: One hundred and twenty-seven patients were randomly divided into two groups, 76 cases in the treatment group were treated with SSNS and 51 cases in the control group treated with Dioscorea Nipponica Power. The effect of SSNS on mice model of CB was also observed simultaneously. RESULTS: The short-term effects were that the total effective rate and markedly effective rate of the treatment were 98.7% and 92.1%, which were better than those of the control group (82.4% and 41.2%) respectively, P < 0.01. The long-term follow-up result of the treatment group also showed its superiority to the control group, the total effective rates of the two groups were 98.7% and 51.0%, and the markedly effective rates were 90.8% and 21.6% respectively (P < 0.01). Animal experiments indicated SSNS has obvious effect of antibiotics and immunomodulation. CONCLUSION: SSNS was effective in treating CB, including the long-term follow-up result. PMID: 10322833 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Saponin content in medicinal plants in response to application of organic and inorganic fertilizers: a meta-analysis.

6. Front Plant Sci. 2025 Feb 11;16:1535170. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1535170. eCollection 2025. Saponin content in medicinal plants in response to application of organic and inorganic fertilizers: a meta-analysis. Lv J(#)(1)(2), Liu S(#)(1)(3), Hu C(4), Ding L(5), Wang H(1)(3), Li X(2), Yang F(1)(3), Shen Q(1)(3), Zhang H(1)(3), Ma G(1)(3), Zhang S(2), Bai Y(1)(3). Author information: (1)College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China. (2)Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China. (3)State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China. (4)Food and Drug Inspection and Testing Center, Hangzhou, China. (5)Agriculture and Forestry Technology Extension Center, Hangzhou, China. (#)Contributed equally The application of fertilizers is a key agronomic practice in the artificial cultivation of medicinal plants, aiming to boost yields and enhance the levels of their bioactive constituents. However, systematic investigations on the influence of various fertilizers on the concentration of active compounds in saponin-containing medicinal plants remain insufficient. In this study, 966 experimental outcomes from 29 papers were analyzed via meta-analysis to examine the effects of organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers, and their combined application on the levels of different saponin monomers in medicinal plants. The findings from the meta-analysis revealed that inorganic fertilizers contribute positively to the accumulation of saponins such as Rg1 in ginseng, Rb1, Rc, Rd, Re, and Rg1, in addition to the saponins from Paris polyphylla, Dioscorea, Panax quinquefolius, and Platycodon grandiflorus. Moreover, the application of organic fertilizers was found to markedly elevate the concentrations of Notoginsenoside R1, Ginsenoside Rb1, Ginsenoside Rb2, Re, and Rg1, along with Lancemasid saponins and Quinoa saponins. The combined use of both organic and inorganic fertilizers was shown to effectively increase the levels of Notoginsenoside R1 and Panax ginsenosides, encompassing Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, and Rg1. Overall, the results suggest that both individual and combined applications of organic and inorganic fertilizers have a positive impact on the enhancement of saponin monomers in medicinal plants. However, inorganic fertilizers promote the increase of saponin content, their prolonged use may lead to soil compaction and acidification, which could compromise the yield and quality of medicinal plants. On the other hand, organic fertilizers improve the soil environment and stimulate saponin accumulation, they do not supply all the nutrients required for the sustained growth of these plants. Therefore, a balanced fertilization strategy combining both organic and inorganic fertilizers is recommended as the optimal approach for cultivating saponin-rich medicinal plants. Copyright © 2025 Lv, Liu, Hu, Ding, Wang, Li, Yang, Shen, Zhang, Ma, Zhang and Bai. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1535170 PMCID: PMC11851015 PMID: 40007964 Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Meta-analysis of Huangqi (Astragalus membranaceus) and Chinese Yam (Rhizoma Dioscoreae) for Diabetic Nephropathy.

7. Altern Ther Health Med. 2023 Nov;29(8):840-845. Meta-analysis of Huangqi (Astragalus membranaceus) and Chinese Yam (Rhizoma Dioscoreae) for Diabetic Nephropathy. Wang C, Li S, Meng J, Xia M, Bo Q, Ying W. CONTEXT: Diabetic nephropathy (DN), also known as diabetic kidney disease (DKD), has caused enormous economic pressure and serious health problems worldwide. TCM practitioners commonly use a combination of Astragalus membranaceus (A. membranaceus) and Rhizoma Dioscoreae (R. Dioscoreae) in the treatment of DN. Research is still lacking on the therapeutic effects of TCM for DN. OBJECTIVE: The systematic review and meta-analysis intended to evaluate whether the combination of A. membranaceus and R. Dioscoreae together with Western medicine can provide better efficacy against DN than treatment with traditional Western medicine alone, to provide a clinical medical basis for the use of the TCM combination. DESIGN: The research team performed a performed a systematic narrative review by searching the Web of Science, Science Direct, Pubmed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP, Wanfang, Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database, and Biomedical Literature Chinese Database from databases' inceptions to May 2023. The team used the keywords astragalus and yam, diabetic nephropathy, antidiabetic, and 24-h urinary protein. SETTING: The review and meta-analysis occurred at Jiangxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional China and Western Medicine in Nanchang, Jiangxi, China. INTERVENTION: To perform a subgroup analysis, the research team divided the studies into two groups based on the TCM treatment course, with one subgroup receiving treatment for ≤4 weeks and the second receiving treatment for >4 weeks, to judge whether a time-dependence existed for the effects of the TCM combination on UP. OUTCOME MEASURE: All studies used 24-h urinary protein (UP) as the outcome measure. RESULTS: In all studies, all heterogeneous (P < .01, I2 = 94%, the intervention groups had a significantly greater reduction in 24-h UP than the control groups did (P < .05). The heterogeneity for a treatment course of ≤4 weeks was P < .01, I2 = 97%, and for a course of >4 weeks was P < .01, I2 = 87%. For both ≤4 weeks and >4 weeks, the intervention groups had a significantly greater reduction in 24-h UP than the control groups did, with P < .01 and P < .01, respectively. The protein effect wasn't time dependent. CONCLUSIONS: A. membranaceus and R. Dioscoreae can significantly reduce UP production, and inhibition of UP wasn't time-dependent. PMID: 37856796 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Efficacy and safety of medicine-food homology Shenqi paste in older adults with diabetic sarcopenia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

8. J Ethnopharmacol. 2026 May 23;363:121444. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2026.121444. Epub 2026 Feb 26. Efficacy and safety of medicine-food homology Shenqi paste in older adults with diabetic sarcopenia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Hua L(1), Wang Y(2), Yuan X(3), Wang R(4), Li X(5), Fan Y(6), Hou Z(7), Yang L(8), Liu T(9), Sun Q(10). Author information: (1)School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China. Electronic address: hljs366@zcmu.edu.cn. (2)Puyan Subdistrict Community Health Service Center, Hangzhou, 310053, China. Electronic address: 465061920@qq.com. (3)The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, 310006, China. Electronic address: yuanxiao1218@163.com. (4)School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China. Electronic address: wry1113@hotmail.com. (5)School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China. Electronic address: qq1026728769@163.com. (6)School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China. Electronic address: 893352976@qq.com. (7)Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China. Electronic address: 2807637220@qq.com. (8)School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China. Electronic address: yanglili@zcmu.edu.cn. (9)School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China. Electronic address: graceliu0630@163.com. (10)School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China. Electronic address: 19791002@zcmu.edu.cn. ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Diabetic sarcopenia (DS), an emerging diabetes complication, poses an increasing challenge to the elderly population. Shenqi paste (SQP) consists of 8 medicine-food homology substances: Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge., Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf., Polygonatum sibiricum Red., Dioscorea opposita Thunb., Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf, Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., Hordeum vulgare L., and Ophiopogon japonicus (L.f.) Ker Gawl. SQP has shown potential benefits for sarcopenia in clinical practice. Its efficacy and safety in DS have not been validated in a randomized controlled trial. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and limitations, and provide insights into methods and strategies for utilizing SQP in DS management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, community-dwelling older adults (≥60 years) with DS and spleen-kidney deficiency syndrome were allocated 1:1 to receive either SQP or placebo paste for 12 weeks. Primary outcomes were skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), handgrip strength, and five-time chair stand test (FCST) duration. Secondary outcomes included health-related scales and biochemical indicators. Assessments were conducted at the baseline (T0), week 6 (T1), and week 12 (T2). Safety evaluation included blood routine, liver and kidney function tests. Intention-to-treat analysis was applied to the primary outcomes data from all participants, with per-protocol analysis for sensitivity. Generalized estimating equations with covariate adjustment and t-tests or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Of 90 randomized participants, the SQP group showed greater improvements in handgrip strength (T2: interact p < 0.001), SMI (T2: interact p < 0.001), and FCST (T2: interact p < 0.001) versus control. Secondary outcome measures of 74 participants, including frailty, nutrition, physical activity, sleep quality, depression, and TCM syndrome scores, significantly improved (p < 0.05), with significant fasting blood glucose reduction (T2: interact p = 0.018) and C-reactive protein decrease (T2: interact p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the change in the difference between the two groups in fasting insulin, glycated hemoglobin and insulin resistance index before and after intervention (p > 0.05). Within-group analysis demonstrated significant reductions of SQP group in inflammatory cytokines, and sarcopenia-related biomarkers (p < 0.001) post-intervention. No serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSION: A 12-week SQP intervention enhanced muscle mass, strength, function, and metabolic and inflammatory profiles in older adults with DS, with good tolerability, supporting its potential as a safe, complementary therapy. Copyright © 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2026.121444 PMID: 41763617 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Water Conservation Overrides Osmotic Diuresis During SGLT2 Inhibition in Patients With Heart Failure.

9. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024 Apr 16;83(15):1386-1398. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.02.020. Water Conservation Overrides Osmotic Diuresis During SGLT2 Inhibition in Patients With Heart Failure. Marton A(1), Saffari SE(2), Rauh M(3), Sun RN(4), Nagel AM(5), Linz P(6), Lim TT(7), Takase-Minegishi K(7), Pajarillaga A(8), Saw S(8), Morisawa N(7), Yam WK(7), Minegishi S(7), Totman JJ(9), Teo S(4), Teo LLY(10), Ng CT(10), Kitada K(11), Wild J(12), Kovalik JP(7), Luft FC(13), Greasley PJ(14), Chin CWL(10), Sim DKL(10), Titze J(15). Author information: (1)Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Department of Internal Medicine 4-Nephrology and Hypertension, Paracelsus Private Medical School Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address: adriana.marton@duke-nus.edu.sg. (2)Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore. (3)Research Laboratory, Division of Paediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany. (4)Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore. (5)Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany. (6)Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany. (7)Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore. (8)Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore. (9)Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore; Radiography and Medical Imaging Department, Fatima College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. (10)Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore. (11)Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan. (12)Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany. (13)Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Charité, Berlin, Germany. (14)Early Discovery and Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden. (15)Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; III. Department of Medicine and Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Division of Nephrology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA. Electronic address: jens.titze@duke-nus.edu.sg. Erratum in J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024 Jun 25;83(25):2714. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.05.010. BACKGROUND: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors are believed to improve cardiac outcomes due to their osmotic diuretic potential. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that vasopressin-driven urine concentration overrides the osmotic diuretic effect of glucosuria induced by dapagliflozin treatment. METHODS: DAPA-Shuttle1 (Hepato-renal Regulation of Water Conservation in Heart Failure Patients With SGLT-2 Inhibitor Treatment) was a single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, in which patients with chronic heart failure NYHA functional classes I/II and reduced ejection fraction were randomly assigned to receive dapagliflozin 10 mg daily or placebo (1:1) for 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in urine osmolyte concentration. Secondary endpoints included changes in copeptin levels and solute free water clearance. RESULTS: Thirty-three randomized, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor-naïve participants completed the study, 29 of whom (placebo: n = 14; dapagliflozin: n = 15) provided accurate 24-hour urine collections (mean age 59 ± 14 years; left ventricular ejection fraction 31% ± 9%). Dapagliflozin treatment led to an isolated increase in urine glucose excretion by 3.3 mmol/kg/d (95% CI: 2.51-4.04; P < 0.0001) within 48 hours (early) which persisted after 4 weeks (late; 2.7 mmol/kg/d [95% CI: 1.98-3.51]; P < 0.0001). Dapagliflozin treatment increased serum copeptin early (5.5 pmol/L [95% CI: 0.45-10.5]; P < 0.05) and late (7.8 pmol/L [95% CI: 2.77-12.81]; P < 0.01), leading to proportional reductions in free water clearance (early: -9.1 mL/kg/d [95% CI: -14 to -4.12; P < 0.001]; late: -11.0 mL/kg/d [95% CI: -15.94 to -6.07; P < 0.0001]) and elevated urine concentrations (late: 134 mmol/L [95% CI: 39.28-229.12]; P < 0.01). Therefore, urine volume did not significantly increase with dapagliflozin (mean difference early: 2.8 mL/kg/d [95% CI: -1.97 to 7.48; P = 0.25]; mean difference late: 0.9 mL/kg/d [95% CI: -3.83 to 5.62]; P = 0.70). CONCLUSIONS: Physiological-adaptive water conservation eliminated the expected osmotic diuretic potential of dapagliflozin and thereby prevented a glucose-driven increase in urine volume of approximately 10 mL/kg/d · 75 kg = 750 mL/kg/d. (Hepato-renal Regulation of Water Conservation in Heart Failure Patients With SGLT-2 Inhibitor Treatment [DAPA-Shuttle1]; NCT04080518). Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.02.020 PMID: 38599715 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Funding Support and Author Disclosures The DAPA-Shuttle1 study was an investigator-initiated trial funded by AstraZeneca via the externally sponsored scientific research program (ESR-18-13712; Principal Investigator: Dr Titze). The SSIS Project was realized with grant support from Duke-NUS Medical School (Duke-NUS-KBrFA/2019/0026) to Dr Titze. No funding bodies had any role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Dr Titze has received one personal speaker fee from AstraZeneca in the past 4 years. Dr Greasley has been an employee of and shareholder in AstraZeneca. All other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.

Dioscorea esculenta Intake with Resistance Training Improves Muscle Quantity and Quality in Healthy Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

10. Nutrients. 2023 May 24;15(11):2438. doi: 10.3390/nu15112438. Dioscorea esculenta Intake with Resistance Training Improves Muscle Quantity and Quality in Healthy Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Iemitsu K(1), Fujie S(1), Uchida M(1), Inoue K(1)(2), Shinohara Y(1), Iemitsu M(1). Author information: (1)Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan. (2)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan. Resistance training and Dioscorea esculenta intake have a positive effect on muscle. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether 12-week Dioscorea esculenta intake combined with resistance exercise more effectively improves muscle quantity, quality, and cardiometabolic parameters in healthy middle-aged and older adults. This study is a double-blind trial with 66 volunteers (21 males/45 females; age 53 ± 5 years; body weight 61 ± 11 kg; BMI 24 ± 4 kg) who were randomly divided into four groups: sedentary-control with placebo (Sed and PL) or Dioscorea (Sed and Dio) and resistance training with placebo (RT and PL) or Dioscorea (RT and Dio). Resistance training sessions using elastic bands were performed 3 days/week for a 12-week period. Dioscorea esculenta tablets were ingested at 2000 mg/day once per day. The RT and Dio group showed greater improvements in the femoris muscle's thickness, echo intensity for the rectus femoris (index of muscle quality), and the five times sit-to-stand test compared to that of the Sed and PL group; the echo intensity in the RT and Dio group further improved compared to those in the Sed and Dio, and RT and PL groups (p < 0.05). The circulating levels of C1q (a potential biomarker of muscle fibrosis) in the RT and Dio group were significantly lower than those in the Sed and PL, and Sed and Dio groups (p < 0.05). Chronic Dioscorea esculenta intake combined with low-intensity resistance exercise may more effectively improve muscle quantity and quality indices in healthy middle-aged and older adults. DOI: 10.3390/nu15112438 PMCID: PMC10255291 PMID: 37299401 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Co-ingestion of traditional Japanese barley mixed rice (Mugi gohan) with yam paste in healthy Japanese adults decreases postprandial glucose and insulin secretion in a randomized crossover trial.

11. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2023;32(1):40-47. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.202303_32(1).0007. Co-ingestion of traditional Japanese barley mixed rice (Mugi gohan) with yam paste in healthy Japanese adults decreases postprandial glucose and insulin secretion in a randomized crossover trial. Matsuoka T(1), Yamaji A(2), Kurosawa C(1), Shinohara M(3), Takayama I(3), Nakagomi H(3), Izumi K(3), Ichikawa Y(4), Hariya N(5), Mochizuki K(6). Author information: (1)Research and Development Department, Hakubaku Co., Ltd., Yamanashi, Japan. (2)Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Local Produce and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan. (3)Health Care Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan. (4)DLaboratory of Food management, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan. (5)Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Yamanashi Gakuin University, Yamanashi, Japan. (6)Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Local Produce and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan. Email: mochizukik@yamanashi.ac.jp. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Barley mixed rice, "Mugi gohan," is traditionally eaten with yam paste in Japan. Both ingredients contain dietary fiber and reportedly reduce postprandial hyperglycemia. However, evidence supporting the benefits of combining barley mixed rice with yam paste is limited. In this study, we evaluated whether ingesting a combination of barley mixed rice and yam paste affected postprandial blood glucose concentration and insulin secretion. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: This study followed an open-label, randomized controlled crossover design, following the unified protocol of the Japanese Association for the Study of Glycemic Index. Fourteen healthy subjects each consumed four different test meals: white rice only, white rice with yam paste, barley mixed rice, and barley mixed rice with yam paste. We measured their postprandial blood glucose and insulin concentrations after every meal, and we calculated the area under curve for glucose and insulin. RESULTS: Participants had significantly reduced area under curve for glucose and insulin after eating barley mixed rice with yam paste compared to when they ate white rice only. Participants had similar area under curve for glucose and insulin after eating barley mixed rice only, or eating white rice with yam paste. Participants had lower blood glucose concentrations 15 min after eating barley mixed rice only, whilst eating white rice with yam paste did not maintain lower blood glucose after 15 min. CONCLUSIONS: Eating barley mixed rice with yam paste decreases postprandial blood glucose concentrations and reduces insulin secretion. DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202303_32(1).0007 PMID: 36997484 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

The effect of Dioscorea esculenta powder on prostaglandin E(2) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 levels, menstrual pain, and premenstrual syndrome in young women: A randomized double-blind controlled trial.

12. Nutr Health. 2024 Sep;30(3):597-603. doi: 10.1177/02601060221130889. Epub 2022 Oct 11. The effect of Dioscorea esculenta powder on prostaglandin E(2) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 levels, menstrual pain, and premenstrual syndrome in young women: A randomized double-blind controlled trial. Sato K(1), Seto K(1). Author information: (1)Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. Background Diosgenin, extracted from Dioscorea esculenta, has been reported to decrease prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels and any other inflammatory cytokine in rodents. However, it is still unclear whether D. esculenta intake suppressed PGE2 production and menstrual pain and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in younger female. Aim This study aims to investigate the effect of D. esculenta intake on PGE2 and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (COX-2) levels and on menstrual pain and PMS in young women. This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Methods Ten healthy young females were administered either a placebo or D. esculenta (300 mg/day) for 4 weeks, followed by a 4-week washout period. Fasting blood sample was taken from the fingertips on the second day of menstrual cycle began and obtained 24h before the last D. esculenta to avoid acute effects. Participants then switched treatments for 4 weeks as a second trial. Plasma PGE2 and COX-2 levels were measured before and after each trial. The visual analogue scale (VAS), McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ), and Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) were also evaluated. The study was set and conducted from 2019 to 2020. Results PGE2 and COX-2 levels significantly decreased after D. esculenta intake compared to placebo (p = 0.038, p = 0.042 each). The VAS and DRSP scores were also significantly lower after D. esculenta intake (p = 0.046, p = 0.035 each). Conclusion Four-week D. esculenta intake suppressed PGE2 and COX-2 levels resulting in an improvement in PMS symptoms and menstrual pain in young women. DOI: 10.1177/02601060221130889 PMID: 36217795 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Yam paste in glycemic preloads curbs peak glycemia of rice meals in apparent healthy subjects.

13. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2021 Sep;30(3):436-445. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.202109_30(3).0010. Yam paste in glycemic preloads curbs peak glycemia of rice meals in apparent healthy subjects. Zhao W(1)(2), Ye T(2), Fan Z(3)(2), Wu Y(2), Liu A(2), Lu X(2). Author information: (1)Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China. (2)College of Food Science and nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China. (3)Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China. Email: daisyfan@cau.edu.cn. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: People with dental problems and dysphagia frequently consume foods in paste form. A strategy is required to mitigate the glycemic responses of these foods. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: The effect of yam paste ingestion on postprandial glycemic responses was assessed using a two-arm study design for yam paste ingestion: (1) as low- and medium-glycemic index food and (2) as preload and coingested food in a rice meal. In a randomized crossover trial, 18 healthy volunteers consumed (1) low-intensity-cooked yam paste; (2) medium-intensity-cooked yam paste; (3) cooked white rice; (4) coingested low-intensity-cooked yam paste with rice; (5) coingested medium-intensity-cooked yam paste with rice; (6) a preload of low-intensity-cooked yam paste before rice; (7) a preload of medium-intensity-cooked yam paste before rice. Postprandial glycemic responses and satiety assessments were conducted for each food approach. The glycemic characteristics of yam paste were manipulated with the preparatory treatment. RESULTS: Ingesting a preload of 10 g of yam paste before a rice meal resulted in better glycemic responses for 0-60 min in terms of peak glucose value and positive increments under the curve than co-ingesting yam paste with rice, with no adverse effect on satiety, irrespective of the glycemic index of the yam paste. CONCLUSIONS: Regarding isocarbohydrates, both low- and medium-glycemic index yam paste preloads curbed the glucose peak value of a rice meal and lowered the glycemic index value of mixed meals in young healthy people. DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202109_30(3).0010 PMID: 34587703 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Yam Daabo interventions' effects on postpartum family planning use in Burkina Faso at 24 months after childbirth.

14. BMC Public Health. 2021 May 19;21(1):946. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10964-w. Yam Daabo interventions' effects on postpartum family planning use in Burkina Faso at 24 months after childbirth. Coulibaly A(1)(2), Baguiya A(3), Garanet F(3), Tran NT(4)(5), Millogo T(6)(7), Yaméogo WME(7), Meda IB(8), Thieba B(9), Kouanda S(7)(8). Author information: (1)Unité de Surveillance Démographique et de Santé (Kaya-HDSS), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), 03 B.P. 7047, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso. samsoncoul@gmail.com. (2)Ecole doctorale Sciences de la Santé, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 B.P. 7021, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso. samsoncoul@gmail.com. (3)Unité de Surveillance Démographique et de Santé (Kaya-HDSS), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), 03 B.P. 7047, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso. (4)Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. (5)Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, Faculty of Health, University of Technology, PO Box 123, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia. (6)Ecole doctorale Sciences de la Santé, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 B.P. 7021, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso. (7)Institut Africain de Santé Publique, 12 B.P, Ouagadougou, 199, Burkina Faso. (8)Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), 03 B.P. 7047, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso. (9)Unité de formation et de recherche en sciences de la santé, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 B.P. 7021, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso. INTRODUCTION: After testing the interventions for improving the prevalence of contraceptive use, very few studies have measured the long-term effects thereafter the end of the implementation. This study aimed to measure Yam Daabo interventions' effects on contraceptive use in Burkina Faso at twelve months after completion of the intervention. METHODS: Yam Daabo was a two-group, multi-intervention, single-blind, cluster randomized controlled trial. Interventions comprised refresher training for the provider, a counseling tool, supportive supervision, availability of contraceptive services 7 days a week, client appointment cards, and invitation letters for partners. We used generalized linear mixed-effects models (log Poisson) to compare the modern contraceptive prevalence at 12 months post-intervention in the two groups. We collected data between September and November 2018. We conducted an intention-to-treat analysis and adjusted the prevalence ratios on cluster effects and unbalanced baseline characteristics. RESULTS: Twelve months after the completion of the Yam Daabo trial, we interviewed 87.4% (485 out of 555 women with available data at 12 months, that is, 247/276 in the intervention group (89.5%) and 238/279 in the control group (85.3%). No difference was observed in the use of hormonal contraceptive methods between the intervention and control groups (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.91-1.61], p = 0.191). By contrast, women in the intervention group were more likely to use long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) than those in the control group (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.35; 95% CI = [1.08-1.69], p = 0.008). CONCLUSION: Twelve months after completion of the intervention, we found no significant difference in hormonal contraceptive use between women in the intervention and their control group counterparts. However, women in the intervention group were significantly more likely to use long-acting reversible contraceptives than those in the control group. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial registration number at the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry is PACTR201609001784334 . The date of the first registration is 27/09/2016. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10964-w PMCID: PMC8132432 PMID: 34006237 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

The Effects of Phytosterols Extracted from Diascorea alata on the Antioxidant Activity, Plasma Lipids, and Hematological Profiles in Taiwanese Menopausal Women.

15. Nutrients. 2017 Dec 5;9(12):1320. doi: 10.3390/nu9121320. The Effects of Phytosterols Extracted from Diascorea alata on the Antioxidant Activity, Plasma Lipids, and Hematological Profiles in Taiwanese Menopausal Women. Hsu CC(1)(2), Kuo HC(3), Huang KE(4)(5). Author information: (1)Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan. tube2363808@gmail.com. (2)Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan. tube2363808@gmail.com. (3)Department of Health Management, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan. simon9704@gmail.com. (4)Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung University School of Medicine and Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan. khuang531@gmail.com. (5)San an Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, 177 Meisu East 2nd Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan. khuang531@gmail.com. The efficacy of phytosterols extracted from Diascorea alata on antioxidant activities, plasma lipids and hematological profiles was assessed in postmenopausal women. Gas chromatography and mass spectrophotometry was employed to determine the steroid content of Taiwanese yam (Diascorea alata cv. Tainung No. 2). A two-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical investigation on 50 postmenopausal women randomly assigned to two groups treated for 12 months with placebo or two sachets daily of Diascorea extracts containing 12 mg/dose was carried out. The main outcome measures were the plasma antioxidant activities, hematological profiles, and the concentrations of plasma lipids, including cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein,, and apolipoprotein A1 and B. A one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test was performed to investigate the significance. Beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, 22-23-dihydro-, and γ-sitosterol were major phytosterols determined from Diascorea extracts. At six months in those receiving Diascorea, there were significantly decreased leukocyte counts (p < 0.01) and improvement on antioxidant activity of malondialdehyde (p < 0.001). After 12 months' treatment, elevations of hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume (p < 0.01) were noted in those receiving Diascorea. Moreover, the low dose Diascorea consumption in menopausal women for one year generally did not present positive effects on lipid profiles. DOI: 10.3390/nu9121320 PMCID: PMC5748770 PMID: 29206136 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Diosgenin-Rich Yam Extract Enhances Cognitive Function: A Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Study of Healthy Adults.

16. Nutrients. 2017 Oct 24;9(10):1160. doi: 10.3390/nu9101160. Diosgenin-Rich Yam Extract Enhances Cognitive Function: A Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Study of Healthy Adults. Tohda C(1)(2), Yang X(3), Matsui M(4), Inada Y(5), Kadomoto E(6), Nakada S(7), Watari H(8), Shibahara N(9). Author information: (1)Division of Neuromedical Science, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan. chihiro@inm.u-toyama.ac.jp. (2)Resilio Company Limited, Akasaka Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan. chihiro@inm.u-toyama.ac.jp. (3)Division of Neuromedical Science, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan. d1761202@ems.u-toyama.ac.jp. (4)Laboratory of Clinical Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Liberal Arts and Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan. miematsui@staff.kanazawa-u.ac.jp. (5)Laboratory of Clinical Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Liberal Arts and Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan. yunainada@outlook.com. (6)Division of Neuromedical Science, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan. smily_flower000@hotmail.com. (7)Division of Neuromedical Science, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan. hallotosay@yahoo.co.jp. (8)Department of Japanese Oriental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan. watari44@med.u-toyama.ac.jp. (9)Division of Kampo Diagnostics, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan. shiba1@inm.u-toyama.ac.jp. Diosgenin, a yam-derived compound, was found to facilitate the repair of axonal atrophy and synaptic degeneration and improve memory dysfunction in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It was also found to enhance neuronal excitation and memory function even in normal mice. We hypothesized that diosgenin, either isolated or in an extract, may represent a new category of cognitive enhancers with essential activities that morphologically and functionally reinforce neuronal networks. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a diosgenin-rich yam extract on cognitive enhancement in healthy volunteers. For this placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, crossover study, 28 healthy volunteers (age: 20-81 years) were recruited from Toyama Prefecture, Japan, and was randomly assigned to receive either a yam extract or placebo. Preliminary functional animal experiments indicated that an oil solvent mediated the most efficient distribution of diosgenin into the blood and brain after oral administration, and was a critical factor in the cognitive benefits. Therefore, test samples (placebo and yam extract) were prepared with olive oil and formulated as soft capsules. The intake period was 12 weeks, and a 6-week washout period separated the two crossover intake periods. The Japanese version of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) test was used for neurocognitive assessment, and the adverse effects were monitored through blood testing. Diosgenin-rich yam extract consumption for 12 weeks yielded significant increases in total RBANS score. Among the 12 individual standard cognitive subtests, diosgenin-rich yam extract use significantly improved the semantic fluency. No adverse effects were reported. The diosgenin-rich yam extract treatment appeared to safely enhance cognitive function in healthy adults. DOI: 10.3390/nu9101160 PMCID: PMC5691776 PMID: 29064406 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that this research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as potential conflicts of interest.

[Effects of dioscorea modified pill on cognitive impairment of patients with VCIND: an preliminary study of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy].

17. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2014 Oct 28;94(39):3075-8. [Effects of dioscorea modified pill on cognitive impairment of patients with VCIND: an preliminary study of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy]. [Article in Chinese] Liu J(1), Chen J(2), Tan Z(1), Yang Q(1), Lan H(1), Zhao Y(1), Liu C(1), Qiu L(1). Author information: (1)Department of Radiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei 430060, China. (2)Department of Radiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei 430060, China. Email: whuchenjun@163.com. OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effect evaluation of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) in patients with vascular cognitive impairment no dementia (VCIND) with dioscorea modified pill. METHODS: A total of 100 patients with VCIND were randomly assigned into the dioscorea modified pill group (n = 50) and the aricept group (n = 50). And 50 healthy volunteers were recruited as normal group. Each patient was examined with (1)H-MRS and scored with mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and clinical dementia rating (CDR) scale pre- and post-treatment. RESULTS: After therapy, the NAA/Cr ratios and the itemized scores of cognitive scale compared with that of pre-therapy had significantly difference (P < 0.05) in the dioscorea modified pill group (MMSE (26.5 ± 2.0), CDR(0.14 ± 0.23))vs(MMSE(25.1 ± 2.3), CDR(0.5)). But no difference existed in the aricept group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: (1)H-MRS may objectively reflect cognitive dysfunction in VCIND patients. And it has important values in the therapeutic effect evaluation of VCIND with dioscorea modified pill. PMID: 25549681 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Management of cognitive determinants in senile dementia of Alzheimer's type: therapeutic potential of a novel polyherbal drug product.

18. Clin Drug Investig. 2014 Dec;34(12):857-69. doi: 10.1007/s40261-014-0235-9. Management of cognitive determinants in senile dementia of Alzheimer's type: therapeutic potential of a novel polyherbal drug product. Sadhu A(1), Upadhyay P, Agrawal A, Ilango K, Karmakar D, Singh GP, Dubey GP. Author information: (1)Collabrative programme, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India, ananya.s.84@gmail.com. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The enigmatic etiology of neurodegenerative diseases poses a challenge for the development of novel and efficient drugs. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a polyherbal (test) formulation on cognitive functions, inflammatory markers and oxidative stress in healthy elderly as well as senile dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT) patients. METHOD: A randomized double-blind placebo- and active-controlled clinical trial was performed in healthy elderly subjects and SDAT patients with an age range of 60-75 years. The polyherbal test formulation along with a placebo was given to healthy elderly subjects while the SDAT patients received either the test formulation containing extracts of Bacopa monnieri (whole plant), Hippophae rhamnoides (leaves and fruits) and Dioscorea bulbifera (bulbils) at a dose of 500 mg or donepezil drug (Aricept) at a dose of 10 mg, twice daily, for a period of 12 months. After every three months, cognitive functions were assessed by determining the mini mental state examination (MMSE) score, digital symbol substitution (DSS; subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised), immediate and delayed word recall (digital memory apparatus-Medicaid systems, Chandigarh, India), attention span (Attention Span Apparatus-Medicaid systems, Chandigarh, India), functional activity questionnaire (FAQ) and depression (geriatric depression scale) scores. Further inflammatory markers and level of oxidative stress were analyzed using standard biochemical tests. RESULTS: The trial was performed in 109 healthy subjects and 123 SDAT patients of whom 97 healthy subjects and 104 SDAT patients completed the study. Administration of the test formulation for a period of 12 months was effective in improving cognitive functions in the SDAT patients, when compared to the donepezil-treated group, as determined by the DSS (38.984 ± 3.016 vs 35.852 ± 4.906, P = 0.0001), word recall immediate (3.594 ± 1.003 vs 2.794 ± 0.593, P < 0.0001) and attention span (4.918 ± 1.239 vs 4.396 ± 0.913, P = 0.0208) scores. A significant improvement in the FAQ (11.873 ± 2.751 vs 9.801 ± 1.458, P < 0.0001) and depression (16.387 ± 2.116 vs 21.006 ± 2.778, P < 0.0001) scores was also observed, whereas no significant differences were observed in the MMSE and word recall delayed scores. The level of inflammation and oxidative stress was markedly reduced in the SDAT patients treated with the test formulation when compared to the donepezil-treated group indicating a likely mechanism of action of the test formulation (homocysteine 30.22 ± 3.87 vs 44.73 ± 7.11 nmol/L, P < 0.0001; C-reactive protein [CRP] 4.751 ± 1.149 vs 5.887 ± 1.049 mg/L, P < 0.0001; tumour necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α] 1139.45 ± 198.87 vs 1598.77 ± 298.52 pg/ml, P < 0.0001; superoxide dismutase [SOD] 1145.92 ± 228.75 vs 1296 ± 225.72 U/g Hb, P = 0.0013; glutathione peroxidase [GPx] 20.78 ± 3.14 vs 25.99 ± 4.11 U/g Hb, P < 0.0001; glutathione [GSH] 9.358 ± 2.139 vs 6.831 ± 1.139 U/g Hb, P < 0.0001; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS] 131.62 ± 29.68 vs 176.40 ± 68.11 nmol/g Hb, P < 0.0001). Similarly, when healthy elderly subjects treated with the test formulation for 12 months were compared to the placebo group, a significant (P < 0.001) improvement in cognitive measures (MMSE, DSS, word recall delayed but not immediate, attention span, FAQ and depression scores) and a reduction in inflammation (reduction in homocysteine, CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α levels) and oxidative stress levels (reduction in SOD, GPx and TBARS and increase in GSH) was observed. This indicated a protective effect of the test formulation in managing cognitive decline associated with the ageing process. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate the therapeutic potential of this novel polyherbal formulation for the management and treatment of SDAT. DOI: 10.1007/s40261-014-0235-9 PMID: 25316430 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Herbal preparations for the menopause: beyond isoflavones and black cohosh.

19. Maturitas. 2014 Feb;77(2):191-4. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.11.001. Epub 2013 Nov 19. Herbal preparations for the menopause: beyond isoflavones and black cohosh. Depypere HT(1), Comhaire FH(2). Author information: (1)Menopause Clinic, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Ghent, De Pintelaan, 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium. Electronic address: herman.depypere@ugent.be. (2)Emeritus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital of Ghent, De Pintelaan, 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium. Complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) such as isoflavones and black cohosh are commonly used to deal with menopausal symptoms, but benefit a limited proportion of women. The aim of this minireview is to summarize the evidence of the efficacy and safety of other herbal preparations. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) find that the extracts of Mediterranean pine bark (Pycnogenol(®)), linseed, and Lepididium meyenii (Maca) reduce vasomotor symptoms. The results of RCTs of the hop flavonoid 8-prenylnaringenin are conflicting. Animal and human studies suggest that Dioscorea villosa (Wild yam),and Broccoli may protect against osteoporosis and breast and gynecological cancers but further evidence is required. Linseed may protect against breast cancer but the results are conflicting. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.11.001 PMID: 24314619 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Comparative evaluation of fosinopril and herbal drug Dioscorea bulbifera in patients of diabetic nephropathy.

20. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2013 Jul;24(4):737-42. doi: 10.4103/1319-2442.113866. Comparative evaluation of fosinopril and herbal drug Dioscorea bulbifera in patients of diabetic nephropathy. Singh RG(1), Rajak M, Ghosh B; Usha; Agrawal A, Dubey GP. Author information: (1)Department of Nephrology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. Worldwide, diabetic nephropathy is one of the leading causes of end-stage renal failure. This hospital-based single-center prospective open-label randomized case-control interventional study was performed to evaluate and compare the native drug Dioscorea bulbifera with fosinopril in the management of diabetic nephropathy. Patients with diabetic nephropathy with proteinuria >500 mg/day or albuminuria >300 mg/ day, S Cr ≤2.5 mg/dL and hypertension controlled with a single drug were included into the study and were divided into three groups according to the interventional drugs that they were given; group A (n = 46) on fosinopril (5-40 mg/day), group B (n = 45) on Dioscorea bulbifera (500 mg BD) and group C (n = 46) on neither of these drugs. All necessary laboratory investigations needed to assess the effect of both the drugs were carried out. Patients were followed-up for six months. The study included 137 patients (M:F 2.61:1) with an age range of 19-76 years. At the sixth-month follow-up, a significant decrease in the systolic blood pressure was noted in all three groups whereas the diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly only in group B. There was significantly better control of both systolic and diastolic blood pressures in group B than in the other groups. Although fasting blood sugar was poorly controlled in the initial visit in all three groups, there was a significant decrease at the sixth-month follow-up in all three groups. Moreover, the decrease was significantly more pronounced in group B than in the other two groups. Low-density lipoprotein decreased significantly only in group B. Proteinuria, serum transforming growth factor-β, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein decreased in both group A and group B, more so in the latter, but the differences between the groups were not statistically significant. Importantly, proteinuria and serum IL-6 showed an increasing trend in group C. It can be concluded that Dioscorea bulbifera was more effective than fosinopril in controlling blood pressure, glycemia, cholesterolemia and inflammatory state in diabetic nephropathy. Both agents decreased proteinuria. However, creatinine clearance significantly decreased with both the drugs, more so with Dioscera, and thus further evaluation with a larger trial is needed. DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.113866 PMID: 23816723 [Indexed for MEDLINE]